Adrienne Rich Free Essays

string(206) This permits the peruser to turn out to be a piece of an oral history for the country, and hence a guide creator as it were, as memory is introduced by Rich as a kind of guide, it is with this representation that the sonnets progress. This exposition will introduce the theme of the mapmaker in Adrienne Rich’s book Atlas of the Difficult World.â The topics all through the book will be praised in this article and dismembered through the topic of this subject united through similitude, solid symbolism and the reference to put just as goal which Rich recommends all through her work in ideas both supernatural, and genuine. Rich’s title sonnet of Atlas of the Difficult World delivers a voice which is cut into a duality of authenticity just as a cruel feeling of that reality. We will compose a custom paper test on Adrienne Rich or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now  The pictures common in this sonnet brings the pictures of the guide into an odd reality which proposes a striking and genuine idea of Americana in an upsetting light.â This is the key factor of the topic of guide in Rich’s Atlas of the Difficult World: which is, at all, best portrayed as upsetting. The title sonnet identifies with the peruser the idea of women’s work.â This sonnet at that point envisions for the perusers the possibility of position, for example, geological, topographical or scene; Rich presents the idea to the peruser of where a lady is corresponding to the edges of the nation. The sonnet further elucidates upon this thought by recommending the thought, or rather of scrutinizing the peruser with respect to the idea of the woman’sâ place comparable to ‘our’ awareness from a geological perspective of the term.â This would appear just as Rich is diving into a political continuous flow, yet it is in the guide, in the geology, or scene which rests as the apex of the poem’s place as it identifies with the peruser. In the issue of maps, of spot, Rich likewise delivers the idea of jobs, of man centric society and the woman’s argument towards such a foreordained role.â Rich proceeds to extrapolate from the idea of geology the possibility of a woman’s place, or women’s work. The sonnet is an enticing bother between the possibility of women’s work in the edges of the nation, and the guide of women’s recorded deferential nature, yet not her unrecorded cognizance regarding her own meaning of spot.  â The title sonnet at that point fills in as an entryway from the speaker to the peruser through the way of geography into the un-navigated scene of aberrant and misinformed ideas of what women’s work is, and the cognizant factor of that work and its place in the United States.â The sonnet fills in as a propensity to an option in contrast to scene, of the United States with respect to women's liberation (similar to a standard subject in Rich’s sonnets), governmental issues, and individual space. The manner by which limits of the ‘map’ (governmental issues, awareness, sexual orientation, and so on.) are ignored by the speaker is an essential component in the sonnet; this negligence takes into consideration both the speaker and the peruser to investigate different regions of the typography, and the structure of such gadgets as sex, jobs, and so on. Along these lines, the speaker permits the peruser to understand the connection of self, job, governmental issues, and the entirety of the abovementioned, to the structure of the chart book, and the job that an individual, or for this situation, the job of the peruser as a guide peruser: I vowed to show you a guide you state however this is a wall painting then yes let it be these are little qualifications where do we see it from is the issue (pt. II, ll. 22-24). Along these lines, the idea of individual jobs becomes an integral factor in the sonnet as an issue of viewpoint. The job of the storyteller at that point is to permit the peruser an opportunity to be guided through the atlas.â The map book in the sonnet focuses on topography as well as stories; such stories are according to verifiable realities just as close to home lives. This permits the peruser to react to the sonnet through different roads of point of view, for example, they might be introduced through recorded spot, and geology just as body and psyche areas; in this way, each perusing of the sonnet by singular perusers will give an alternate point of view of the map book since every peruser is originating from their very own edge of reference. The artist, the storyteller comes into the sonnet and proposes or delivers to the peruser the challenging chance of scrutinizing their own place in the chart book, the scene. This test is sustained from the idea of women’s work, and the changing meaning of what that involves, â€Å"These are not streets/you knew me by. Be that as it may, the lady driving, strolling, viewing/forever and demise, is the same† (pt. I, ll. 77-79). The storyteller presents ladies on the guide, or the way to the peruser, and the peruser thusly turns into a functioning piece of the sonnet since the peruser brings their own understanding through close to home reference to the point of view of these ladies. The sonnets at that point are various streets along the sum of the map book, and the inquiry which the artist emphasizes to the peruser is the place do the sonnets take the peruser; which direction?â Thus, certification of the job of the guide is a focal theme in Rich’s Atlas of a Difficult World. The accompanying sonnets of Atlas of a Difficult World at that point are each structured as a street into the various pieces of the map book on various levels and from various perspectives.â â The sonnets are not restricted to the geography of the chart book yet in addition dig into the historical backdrop of the place.â There are thirteen pieces of the book which thus are vignettes which originate from a heap of women’s lives. The voice which Rich loans to each ‘story’ is generally pressing and gives the peruser a feeling that it is significant that they read these lines not just to serve the lady who experienced the story however for the reader’s individual advantage since it is with the peruser that a continuation and change in the story may occur.â This permits the peruser to turn out to be a piece of an oral history for the country, and subsequently a guide creator it could be said, as memory is introduced by Rich as a sort of guide, it is with this illustration that the sonnets progress. You read Adrienne Rich in classification Papers  It is by perceiving the significance of history, even in little characters that takes into account the jobs of ladies to change from deferential to solid willed; from male centric to gynocentric.â Rich’s reason in her sonnets is a striking story of constraining the peruser to see how ladies have been rejected in enormous part from the history, the topography of the land, the United States’ history. In this way, through utilization of scene and the association of scene to occasions, Rich allows the peruser to see these ladies. In Part I of Atlas of a Difficult World, Rich gives declarations from a bunch of ladies who have an immense information on financial difficulty which prompts dread and which either delays or rejects activity forward.â There is additionally a topic of quietness and the ending of quietness in the map book, the memory of these minutes with the various ladies in the sonnets. There is one sonnet which gives subtleties of an obscure lady who was murdered:â The lady was a homestead laborer who had been in profound presentation to toxins:â â€Å"Malathion in the throat, fellowship,/the emergency clinic at the edge of the fields,/prematures slipping from hazardous wombs† (ll. 8-10). This lady has a kind of fellowship with death, and her character is mysterious in light of the fact that there are endless other ladies who are or were in a similar circumstance, such a significant number of that their story became one story it had been told time after time that the names were irrelevant and afterward, in the end her story was forgotten.â Rich brings the idea of the mapmaker as a memory collector into her sonnets to give the peruser an intelligent part in the sonnet. Since this story is being retold to the peruser, the peruser must convey it in their memory, and in this manner offer credit to the live that kicked the bucket, to the woman.â The lady had been mistreated and presented to natural risks, and on the grounds that the lady had attempted to endure yet passed on in any case, it is significant that her life be sanctioned into this ‘atlas’ of memory, of story. Rich doesn't need the possibility of disavowal of memory to assume a significant job in the advancement of the nation, of the chart book as she composes, â€Å"I don’t need to hear how he beat her . . .,/destroyed her composing . . . /. . . I don’t need to know/wreckage† (ll. 39-40, 48-49). The intriguing component with regards to this woman’s story is that her little demise is really a start of a national concealment story, and in this manner, her story turns out to be a piece of the scene of history, anyway minute.â The woman’s passing is a national concealment which included viciousness and flippant conduct and which were something contrary to the endeavoring of America, in industry.â Through the refusal of this story, history is changed, is made bogus through the assistance of the media. This subject of refusal changes the scene of the guide, it deletes significant structures of the geology, and this lead into Part V of Atlas of a Difficult World in which a strange lady is killed but, her story doesn't capitulate to eradication: I don’t need to know how he followed them along the Appalachian Trail, concealed near to their tent, contributed as they suspected isolation executing one lady, the other hauling herself into town his guard they had prodded his despising of what they were I don’t need to know yet this is definitely not a terrible dream of mine (ll. 45-51). In Parts II and III, the sonnet turns into a summoning of the American perfect or geography.â The sonnets practice their voice towards evenness or parity in history wherein women’s history isn't eradicated or destroyed or made to appear to be subjugated, however rather coordinates t

Political Philosophy and Government Essay

Name SOPA: The Unconstitutional Law Teacher Class/Period Date SOPA is a law that is attempting to be passed by the United States of America. SOPA represents Stop Online Piracy Act. While this may appear to be something worth being thankful for, there are numerous reasons it is a terrible thing. It is incredibly ambiguous, it can murder the web, and the legislature can exploit this law. One thing about SOPA is it is very dubious. The law is dubious about what the administration can and can't do. The legislature can implement laws that are absurd with this demonstration. They can likewise close down any site totally. With this demonstration live, the legislature incorporates a private right of activity with little authority over maltreatment. The legislature can mishandle the force they increase through this demonstration. The administration can actually bring down any site with joins on it with this demonstration live. The administration will likewise have the option to blue pencil the web exactly as they would prefer. This would take after the media in China or Syria. The web could never be the equivalent. Permitting SOPA to be passed would enable the legislature to do these things. Something else is numerous sites would be closed down. Numerous sites would be cleared out due to SOPA. Numerous sites fought SOPA because of this. The vast majority of the most renowned sites would be closed down. YouTube, Wikipedia, and a lot more sites have Å"copyrighted material.  User made things would be brought down. The web would likewise be slaughtered. Most things on Google would be cleared out. Over 90% of the web is viewed as an infringement to SOPAs rules. Passing SOPA would totally execute the web. Passing SOPA would give the administration bunches of intensity. Passing SOPA would give the administration more force than previously! Giving the administration more force could bring about maltreatment of intensity. That is the thing that occurs in socialist nations! Passing SOPA would remove a portion of our privileges! The legislature would be permitted to look our things for Å"copyrighted material.  The law expresses that the administration can't submit absurd inquiry and seizure. Giving the administration more force can bring about them assuming control over a lot of intensity. The more we give, the more they take. An excessive amount of intensity is rarely acceptable. Passing this law would give the administration an excess of intensity. While a large portion of SOPA is terrible, there are some Å"good  things about it. Most importantly, individuals state its great on the grounds that online theft is another type of taking, yet while it might be like taking, someone needed to buy the thing so others could utilize it. A few people additionally state it is a decent demonstration since you arent supporting the craftsman or maker of the thing, yet actually, online robbery is by definition, sharing. While halting on the web robbery may sound great, SOPA has numerous terrible sides to it. SOPA must be halted!

Stone, Lucy

Stone, Lucy Stone, Lucy, 1818â€"93, reformer and leader in the women's rights movement, b. near West Brookfield, Mass., grad. Oberlin, 1847. In 1847 she gave her first lecture on women's rights, and the following year she was engaged by the Anti-Slavery Society as one of their regular lecturers. As a speaker she had great eloquence and was often able to sway an unruly and antagonistic audience. She married Henry Brown Blackwell in 1855 but continued, as a matter of principle, to use her own name and was known as Mrs. Stone. In 1870 she founded the Woman's Journal, which was for nearly 50 years the official organ of the American Woman Suffrage Association and, after 1890, the National American Woman Suffrage Association. After her death it was edited by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. In 1921 the Lucy Stone League was formed to continue the battle for women's rights. See biographies by her daughter (1930, repr. 1971) and E. R. Hays (1961). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Understanding The Scope Of Information Derived From...

Analysis Understanding the scope Nowadays most computer-human interaction happens through the Internet; however, data that was originally gather by other means can be digitalized and ended up being mined. Minable information, produced by people and therefore subject to the ethical issues discuss in here, can be divided in 4 different categories: user input, usage, information derived from devices, and images. User input: is all the information that is explicitly added in a way or another. This includes personal information (name, address telephone, age, gender, marital status etc.), comments, opinions, text messages, emails and documents. In addition to previously presented examples, some companies, like Geofeedia (https://geofeedia.com), scan social medial traffic, text messaging, and geolocation services to identify abnormalities like terrorist acts, natural events, or accidents. The system detects, through data mining algorithms, keywords contained in the messages related with these events in transmission within areas in close proximity. In the case of medical records, this information also includes information about illnesses, treatment, or clinical history. Usage: This is information that the user is not aware of most of the time, but the service provider logs, keeps track of, process and acts upon on. This information provides clues about what the user preferences, and likes are. It is used most of the time as feedback to improve the service, but it is mostShow MoreRelatedEssay on Introduction to Orientalism by Edward Said1478 Words   |  6 PagesOrient. This is a reference to Jacques Lacan’s terminology, which describes the mirror stage of development. This is the stage in growth during which children supposedly learn their own identity by successfully separating their own being from a mirror image of themselves. 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How Diversity And Teamwork Of A Company - 850 Words

We are living in a very different world, every day we met and got along with people who are very different from us. Whether by age, gender, language, disability, sexual orientation, physical traits, races, ethnicities, another creed, etc. This is an issue that has always tried to control in every situation of daily life, in this case what is in the workplace. In the workplace we always find with any amount of labor diversity, and we must all make efforts so that the structure and organization of the company will not collapse because of this situation. While it is true, this topic diversity is very delicate and can be misunderstandings to adversely impact on productivity and teamwork of a company. According to the Article â€Å"How diversity works† states â€Å"DIVERSITY is NOT ONLY about bringing different perspectives to the table. 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Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells Free Essays

Katrina Samborski Honors English 1100 Dr. Nicole Caswell November 10, 2012 Advancement of Medical Research from HeLa Cells HeLa simply stands for Henrietta Lacks, a young mother in the 1951 who went to the doctor complaining of vaginal bleeding and discovered she had cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells were taken for a biopsy and were found to be like nothing ever seen before; her cells were immortal. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her cancer cells double every 20 to 24 hours and have lived on for the past 60 years. Since HeLa cells were created, our world of modern medicine has been completely changed. We now vaccines for once incurable diseases and have used the cells for cloning and other biomedical research. Although the cells have done a great deal of good, they have also caused substantial harm to Henrietta Lacks, her family, and potential trial research participants. Therefore, though some may think it was ethically wrong of Henrietta Lacks’ doctors to not inform her that they were using her cells, she is the reason we have been able to save thousands of lives. It was at Johns Hopkins Hospital when Dr. Gey, a prominent cancer and virus researcher, discovered Henrietta’s cells were immortal. Since cancer cells will die outside the body without the right mix of chemicals, Dr. Gey created the roller tube. This contraption held glass tubes containing samples in nutrient-rich fluids, turned slowly – sometimes just two revolutions an hour, exposing the cells to just the right mix of air and nutrients. When Henrietta’s cells were placed in this device, they never stopped dividing. While their research value is unquestioned, the tumor cells had created havoc in Henrietta Lacks’ body. Skloot recounts the lab technician Mary Kubicek who was present at the autopsy. â€Å"The tumors had completely blocked her urethra, leaving doctors unable to pass a catheter into her bladder to empty it. Tumors the size of baseballs had nearly replaced her kidneys, bladder, ovaries and uterus. And her other organs were so covered in small white tumors it looked as if someone had filled her with pearls† (Williams). Although her cells are cancerous, HeLa cells share many traits with normal cells, making them useful in studying protein synthesis, the human genome and how viruses work. Dr. Gey sold the cells to researchers around the world, who used them to develop a variety of medicines. HeLa cells were the first to travel into space in an unmanned satellite to see if humans could survive zero gravity. â€Å"This cell line is used all around the world and revolutionized cell biology because they grew so well in culture, said William Earnshaw, principal research fellow at the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Cell Biology. â€Å"They yielded a huge amount of information,† Earnshaw said (Sharp). In the early 1950s, the world experienced the biggest polio pandemic in history. Jonas Salk devised the world’s first polio vaccine, but testing it would require huge supplies of live cells that, at the time, would have involved the sacrifice of thousands of monkeys. HeLa cells proved to be technically more suitable for testing, and much less expensive and messy, than using monkeys. Moreover, HeLa cells grew virtually anywhere and on any surface, including while floating on liquid. A HeLa mass production and distribution center was therefore established at the Tuskegee Institute, ironically at exactly the same time that the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study on black subjects was being carried out. Soon HeLa cells were to enable the first disaggregation of chromosomes, numerous discoveries from genetic and viral studies, and the first-ever cloning of a cell, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and much, much more. (Ncayiyana) HeLa cells have had a positive influence on medicine in many ways including with giving us knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and HPV18-positive. HeLa cells have been linked to changes in microRNA expression. Since HPV18 has been associated with very aggressive adenocarcinomas, this finding may explain why Dr. Gey was surprised by the prolific growth of HeLa cells in culture. Routine Papanicolaou smear screening may not detect rapidly progressive cervical carcinomas; the new HPV vaccine holds the promise of preventing these tumors. (Hutchins). The problem of possible contamination of other long-term cultured tumor cell lines with HeLa cells not only caused an international embarrassment, but also raised the concern of misattributing a specific property so another cell line, for example, a virus or a tumor-specific marker, which actually belongs to HeLa. With the continued and growing use of tissue culture in biochemist research, intra- and interspecific contamination becomes a significant risk. The determination of stable genetic markers on cultured cells is a powerful tool for monitoring such contamination. Recent experiments in which cultured cells and innumerable clones of somatic cell hybrids have been used for genetic analysis have shown that, with the proper use of polymorphic markers to characterize the cells, the possibility of undetected cross contamination of cultures is no longer the problem it once may have been. Therefore, in an effort to clarify the characteristics of the HeLa cell and establish its probable genotype for better-known polymorphisms, we studied HLA and other markers, in the surviving husband and children of Henrietta Lacks. (Hsu) Not only were there several negative effects for Henrietta Lacks, but the general public has found flaws with HeLa cells as well. The Drug Information Association sponsored a workshop that brought together people who deal with facilitating or regulating the collection of clinical specimens for genetic analyses to complement drug trials. Genetic studies of clinical samples have for years had to negotiate a tricky path through informed consent, confidentiality, and regulatory-oversight, but according to a couple of speakers who noted the Henrietta Lacks story, the 19 months since the book’s publication have made some people even more wary of this research. â€Å"I think it was disconcerting to people who are not used to thinking about how specimens are handled, that their specimens could outlive them,† said the meeting’s main organizer and chair, Amelia Wall Warner, Ph. D. who heads clinical pharmacogenomics and clinical specimen management for the drug company Merck. The Skloot book seems to be creating a lot of conversation, with patients often asking for a menu of consent that large-scale trials with many thousands of patients can’t accommodate, she noted. (Zoler) Although there are accusations against doctors and corporations that bought these cells stating they did so without Henrietta Lacks’ consent, we owe our world of modern medicine to her. Her cells allowed us to research and experiment countless diseases and opened the door to learn about the human enome and cancer cells. Dr. Gey said, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. † It was the best of times for science in that this very peculiar tumor gave rise to the HeLa cell line, which has been available for the various studies referred to by others. For Mrs. Lacks and the family she left behind, it was the worst of times. Scientific progress and indeed progress of all kinds is often made at great cost, such as the sacrifice made by Henrietta Lacks† (Jones). While her family has yet to be compensated, HeLa cells continue to be used everyday in the medical field. Works Cited: Ncayiyana, Daniel J. â€Å"The extraordinary story of the life after death of Henrietta Lacks. †Ã‚  South African Medical Journal  101. 3 (2011): 141. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Grover M. Hutchins, Brendan P. Lucey, and Walter A. Nelson-Rees. Archives of Pathology Laboratory Medicine. 133. 9  (Sept. 2009)  p1463. Word Count: 4083. Jones HW Jr –  Am J Obstet Gynecol  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 01-JUN-1997; 176(6): S227-8 MEDLINE ® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record   Susan H. Hsu, Bernice Z. Schacter, Nancy L. Delaney, Thomas B. Miller, Victor A. McKusick, R. H. Kennett, J. G. Bodmer, D. Young and W. F. Bodmer Science  , New Series, Vol. 191, No. 4225 (Jan. 30, 1976), pp. 392-394 Published by:  American Association for the Advancement of Science Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1741942 Mitchel Zoler. Internal Medicine News. 44. 17  (Oct. 15, 2011)  p63. Word Count: 433. Williams, Nigel. â€Å"Prize For the HeLa Cell Story. †Ã‚  Current Biology  20. 23 (2010): n. ag. Sciverse. com. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Manfuso, Jamie, and Stephanie Desmon. â€Å"Honoring the Henrietta Lacks Legacy at Hopkins. †Ã‚  Hopkins Medicine Magazine. Johns Hopkins, 20 May 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Hepworth, Jeri, PhD. â€Å"Advocacy for Henrietta Lacks and Family Medicine. † Editorial. Family Medicine  Sept. 2011: 595-96. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Sharp, Rob. Life and afterlife of a women who will live f or ever. The Independent. November 10 2010. Web. Nov 12 2012. How to cite Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells, Essays

Lights cigarette. Inhales lustily Essay Example For Students

Lights cigarette. Inhales lustily Essay She is reluctant to continue our conversation. I dont want to lose my job, she murmurs into the phone. We are discussing an incredibly sensitive topic: smoking in the theatre. She is a nonsmoker and a playwright who makes her living in theatre administration, and she like a number of People I spoke with while preparing this article wishes to remain anonymous, fearing reprisal from directors, producers or bosses who would rather not bother with someone who is bothered by cigarette smoke. This is such a tough profession to get paid in that when you do have to raise this issue, youre taking a big risk, she says. One stage manager who is allergic to cigarette smoke but often spends his days painfully engulfed in it believes that complaining about smoking becomes a deeply personal thing. Its not about smoking, its about the smoker and your relationship with him or her. Thus, many nonsmokers working in the theatre choose to suffer in silence, breathing in the secondhand smoke that the Environmental Protection Agency declared a Class A carcinogen last year (meaning that someone elses smoke is as lethal to you as asbestos, radon, benzene and arsenic, all of which are illegal in the workplace). A symbol of something else   Worse still, some actors must become smokers for the rehearsal and run of a show when a playwright or a director demands it, all the while risking addiction. Theatre people are not alone in their discomfort and danger, of course every industry has a boss in a private office who smokes with the door open, thus rendering the nonsmoking outer office or public area a fantasy of local lawmakers. But the theatre is one place where cigarette smoke finds a peculiar justification in artistic expression; the cigarette is the theatres favorite prop, a shorthand for a vast array of emotions and behaviors that might otherwise require a little work on the part of playwrights, directors and actors. Alyssa Rallo, artistic director of the Column Theatre and Studio. in New York, believes that such shorthand is not only fraudulent, but also presents an ethical dilemma: Now that we know smoking is horrible for you, we cant as artists truthfully use it as a symbol something else. We are not treating cigarettes as a drug or as a killing substance, and thats a crime. Rallo has founded Actors Directors for Smokefree Theatre, Film and Television, whose goal is t o draw attention to the silent partnership between artists and tobacco conglomerates. Unlike television, where nobody lit up at the Cheers bar through an entire decade, there are no industry guidelines that limit or restrict smoking on stage. Of course, cigarettes pose no immediate harm to television or film audiences but can cause considerable problems for theatre audiences, especially in small venues. Stage actors have it worst of all, smoking or breathing others smoke, not just through a few takes, but night after night, matinee after matinee. Actors Equity Association, a union famous for fussing over the health and welfare of its largely unemployed membership, offers little comfort to the actor who does not wish to smoke. While there are guidelines for nudity, getting wet and walking on a raked stage, there is no such thing as a cigarette rider to the basic Equity contract, although the union is aggressively looking into the health problems associated with special effects smoke. We get letters   The use of fake (non-tobacco) cigarettes is not widespread, although the technology has been around for years and the simulation of smoking can be quite realistic, and relatively harmless. Miming smoking, or smoking an unlighted cigarette, is universally perceived as absurd much harder to pull off than collapsing in a drunken stupor or injecting heroin and the whole artifice of the stage is called to attention in the absence of smoke. .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .postImageUrl , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:visited , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:active { border:0!important; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:active , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scenes from an Execution EssayLawmakers in many communities have stopped short of banning cigarette smoke from the stage (while forbidding it in all other public areas of the theatre building), but individuals have sometimes gone a lot further in attempting to discourage smoking in performance, a fact which makes many nonsmokers wary of being accused of artistic tampering or branded tobacco McCarthyists. Michael Wilson, associate director of Houstons Alley Theatre, remembers being approached prior to rehearsals for his production of Terrence McNallys Lips Together, Teeth Apart by a board member who said: |Well, Michael, in this production youre about to direct for us youre not going to have anyone smoke, are you? It was conveyed to me that this would make everyone happy, Wilson recalls. dont know how far they would have gone to enforce it. Wilson, a nonsmoker, ignored the board member but ultimately delivered a smoke-free production: It was the choice of the process rather than the dictate. The Alley usually receives a number of complaints for its productions which contain smoking, according to Wilson, and Susan Medak, managing director of Berkeley Repertory Theatre, acknowledges the same: It never fails that we get letters. When we did Caryl Churchills Mad Forest we actually had quite a few comments. Director Mark Wing-Davey felt strongly that the play, set in contemporary Romania, should include abundant cigarette smoke for the sake of realism. We worked on a ventilation system to move the smoke out of there, Medak says, but this was not sufficient: What I find is only a small percentage of the problem is people really smelling the smoke. It is the perception that is all. But what about the actors who have to smoke, or breathe in the immediate proximity of cigarettes? I dont believe that weve ever made anybody smoke, Medak says, but we do insist that they hold cigarettes and that they puff. In the case of Mad Forest, it was something we discussed with actors before th ey even auditioned. Such discussion is cheap currency to those nonsmokers who desire to make a living in the theatre and stay healthy while doing it. The allergic stage manager compares a smoke-filled theatre to riding the subway and listening to someones panhandling speech. Theres nowhere you can go. Its just not right that you can be trapped and forced into something like that. I think the theatre should be provocative; it should move you, it should make you angry, it should maybe make you run screaming from the theatre. But it should not endanger your health.