Ikea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ikea - Case Study Example For this reason, IKEA focuses on the market segment where these customers are identified. This creates a remarkable point for IKEA to continously formulate promotional communication that would entice the benefits that these target customers desire. The firm’s targeting strategy is therefore concentrated. Concentrated targeting strategy allows marketer to facilitate promotional message and direct it to a single and specific market segment (Pride and Ferrell 181). This makes IKEA dynamic in its attempt to create competitive advantage in its industry. To reach this competitive advantage, IKEA uses psychographic variables for segmenting consumer market. Psychographic variables pertain to lifestyle, attitudes and personalities (Reid and Bojanic 136). It is clear based on the case that the firm uses the idea it has about the consumers’ attitudes, lifestyle and personality when it implements its targeting strategy. Furthermore, to enhance this strategy, the firm also incorporates the behavioral and benefits variables. Behavioral variables include the actual behaviors of the customers which could become the basis of what service to offer them (Reid and Bojanic 137). This leads to its emancipation of additional service thru its cavernous stores for hungry customers. In addition, IKEA clearly tries to win its target customers by offering them the benefits of their products. Benefits are very important because they could help the firm in its identification of appropriate information to use to its target market (Reid and Bojanic 13 9). As a result of the above marketing strategies, IKEA today has become the leading home furnishings brand in the world with 330 stores in 40 countries and having dynamic actual and online interactions to its customers with around 154,000 co-workers (IKEA). It has aggressively expanded from its humble

Presentation Critiques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Presentation Critiques - Essay Example The presentation also included real life examples of people who had been highly successful as civilized engineers. The listeners were expected to be effective in having an ethical approach in all the future engineering tasks. The information as delivered by the presenter would be beneficial in different engineering. The approach of the presentation was generic so as to be beneficial for the diverse nature of the audience. The presentation was carefully planned and delivered in a proper scientific manner. The information delivered was precise, properly arranged and was specific to the context. The slides had a good flow and continuity giving it a good narrative style. Catchy slide backgrounds and attractive color settings gave the audience a good visual effect. The selection of the font and other settings could add more authenticity to the whole presentation. Through the slide styles, the presenter ensured to be serious in areas required and to be jovial wherever required. The presenter also did well with the fluency in flow of information. The language chosen by the presenter to connect between two slides made the presentation quite attractive. The prime element of attraction in the narration of the presenter was that it could give an exact idea to the audience on what to expect in the slides which followed. However, the presenter lacked the skill to communicate to the crowd through the body language . There was hardly any eye contact with the audience. This made the presentation totally non interactive. However the use of proper animations and graphics in the slides negated this lacking and made the audience concentrate right from the beginning till the end of the presentation. A number of tables were included in the slides which explained the factual quite efficiently. The bulleted captions gave precise direction to the audience. These elements along with the diagrams made the slides interesting and thus could get the full attention of

Assessing The Scope Of Competitive Rivalry

Assessing The Scope Of Competitive Rivalry Scope of competitive rivalry mainly deals with a global focus, however, local computer makers should also be considered. For the large corporations, having a presence in foreign markets is essential. Companies like Dell, HP, Lenovo/IBM, and Acer all compete in multiple international markets. If individuals in a particular country are capable of buying a PC, the top competitors all fight for their purchases. Competition is not cut throat per-se, but if a company like HP falters in any one of its multiple segments, Dell could come in and take its market share. Stage in Industry Life Cycle The thing about technology is that it constantly changes. The personal computer, servers, printers, and data storage devices have existed for decades, but constant RD is employed to make these high-tech machines smaller, run faster, and operate more efficiently. Computers and their peripherals will likely remain in the growth stage for a very long time. Though growth has slowed in developed countries like the United States, it has increased in other developing countries like Brazil, India, and China. On that note, the idea itself has reached maturity. For example, servers (as well as personal computers) can offer long usage time if they are properly serviced over the years. Computers configured four years ago, if built with quality high-end components, can still compete with ones coming out today. New technologies make adding performance to personal computers and servers effortless, which furthers the life of the machines. Degree of Vertical Integration According to Thompson and Gambles research, There were too many technologies and manufacturing intricacies to master for a vertically integrated manufacturer to keep its products on the cutting edge. Therefore, the industry has a very low degree of vertical integration. Companies search for the best manufacturers of parts and services and combine them to create a name-brand computer. Providers need to be accessible for when they are demanded. If they fail, companies like Dell and HP can switch as quickly as living creatures blink. Ease of Entry/Exit Because the industry has long been established and defined by the current competition, ease of entry/exit is not exactly easy. In fact, it would be nearly impossible for a start-up firm to enter. A long established company like Sony, for example, was able to enter late in the game because of their existing company structure and size. Only already established large companies would be able to enter the market, unless some entrepreneur discovered a way to enhance existing business models which maximized efficiencies in nearly every aspect of the venture. Technology Innovation The industry is highly characterized by innovation, considering it is nothing but technology. New products are constantly developed, daily in fact. Intel, for example, releases computer processing units (CPUs) every three months. As a result, costs decline .5% weekly. These CPUs are among the main components of the computer. Since technology is evolving at a rapid rate, computer companies always look for ways to reduce inventory carryover while still having enough in inventory if demand spikes. Product Characteristics Defining the product characteristics is rather complex, as not only are the computers intricate in nature, but the number of products associated with this industry colossal. Looking at the main composition, the industry includes computers (servers, desktops, laptops), peripherals associated with the computer like wireless routers and printers, and external storage. Focusing on the computers and depending on the price, they vary in terms of processing speed, hard drive capacity, number of video display outputs, number of channels of surround sound, and amount of random access memory. Economies of Scale As with most industries, the name of the game is getting the best products for the best price. Gray areas do exist, however. CPUs for personal computers, for example, are only made by two competitors (AMD and Intel). Other manufacturers like SIS and Centaur exist, though they are not as well known and certainly not trusted enough to be in name brand PCs. The same goes for video cards. Many manufacturers do exist, but there are only two significant competitors in the market (Nvidia and ATI). Most manufacturers of video cards actually incorporate the chipsets of the two top competitors into their own models. There is a substantial amount of marketing and advertising that goes into the products of the top competitors. The public must be constantly reminded which computers are the best to buy. Because of cost cutting (as well as international expansion), many companies have some, if not the majority, of their processes outsourced. To further reduce costs, inventory carryover is kept low. Learning and Experience Curve Effects The industry is highly characterized by the philosophy of learn by doing. For example, Dell has been improving efficiencies in their business model for the past eighteen and a half years (as of 2008). As a result, they are a leader in many aspects of their value chain. The competition follows suit, but they do not have as much experience as Dell does in this instance. Capacity Utilization Once again, as with all industries, it is important to have high capacity utilization in order to maximize efficiencies. Because there is little markup on computers and their components, companies need to squeeze savings out of every aspect of their operations. Industry Profitability If a company is well managed and knows what its customers want, then industry profitability can be high. Once processes begin to fall short or crumble, company profitability can go from black to red in a short amount of time. Compaq (before it became HP) was an example of a company with poor management structure. Executives ran the company into the ground because they were not finding ways to be profitable. Despite holding a large portion of market share, the company operated in the red for many of its quarters. Industry Driving Forces Though the industry possesses many driving forces, three come to mind as being most prevalent. For one, increasing globalization plays a big role in analyzing company size and strength. Outsourcing processes to many different countries leads to cheaper manufacturing costs across the entire value chain. India, for example, is a common location for technical support call centers. As the world grows smaller, having a well established brand name in multiple markets will keep top competitors successful. A second driving force is the diffusion of technical know-how across more companies and more countries. Just like in increasing globalization, outsourcing helps to locate the best RD opportunities in the least expensive country. The more minds there are on a project, the more opportunities there are for innovation. As a result, emerging countries may have different thought processes and needs compared to developed economies, so new ideas may be generated. A third driving force is changes in cost and efficiency. As mentioned earlier, it is imperative for companies in this industry to master the Just in Time strategy. Computer components are decreasing in price weekly and are becoming more energy efficient. These changes ultimately lead to newer and better products than those of three months ago. Key Success Factors Just like the driving forces, there are many key success factors that relate to this industry. For one, top competitors most certainly have an expertise in a particular technology or specific research (in this case, computer designing). They hand select the best components (or cheapest depending on the business model) for customers to choose from. After all, the quality of components defines the quality of the computer. A second key success factor is the proven ability to improve production processes. This includes the aforementioned industry-wide decrease in days of inventory holdings, and lessening vertical integration improves competitiveness. As computer components become cheaper to manufacture, the prices decrease. As a result, computer prices fall. Improving production processes are effective methods of keeping profitability high. A third key success factor is quality control know-how. No matter what the problem is with ones computer, it is always the fault of the manufacturer. If HP or Dell builds unreliable computers, buyers will simply switch to another brand with little hesitation. Therefore, it is imperative for the top competitors to maintain their quality control in the factories. If a certain component of the computer keeps failing, then it is likely the fault of the component manufacturer, and not the brand name computer creator. Other key success factors include product performance, reputation/image, and customer service capabilities PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL OF COMPETITION Dell has been able to remain innovative in their approach to building computers. They proved throughout their years of existence that providing differentiated, customizable computers with exceptional customer service at reasonable prices is possible. During the early years, Dell was able to undercut the competition by substantial margins. When they developed their strategic plans to sell computers internationally, they were quickly able to capture some of the market share once held by super-giant IBM. As a result, in 2007 International sales accounted for over 41% of Dells sales. To expand upon their business model, they diversified their product offerings to include Dell branded speakers, printers, and ink cartridges. Though not all diversification efforts were successful, Dell proved they could be innovative in their approaches to reaching customers. Michael Dell knew exactly what he wanted to do with his business when he first started his venture, and sticking to that vision has c reated one of the most successful computer ventures ever. Rivalry Among Competing Sellers Dells rivals include more than PC manufacturers. They compete and tally revenues in the following product categories: desktop PCs, mobility products (laptop PCs and workstations), software and peripherals (printers, monitors, TVs, projectors, ink and toner cartridges), servers and networking hardware, consulting and enhanced services, and storage products. Principal competitors amongst these categories include HP, Lenovo/IBM, Apple, Acer, Toshiba, Sony, Fujitsu-Siemens, Sun Microsystems, EMC, Hitachi, Cisco, Broadcom, Enterasys, Nortel, 3Com, Airespace, Proxim, Lexmark, Canon, Epson, Accenture, and EDS. Rivalry among competitors is fierce. If one company falters even the slightest bit anywhere along the value chain, other competing companies will enter and capitalize on the transfer of market share. For example, in the first quarter of 2008, Dell had 15.7% of the total global market share, which is up from 14.8% in the fourth quarter of 2007. The rest of the competition outside of the top five competitors (HP, Dell, Acer, Lenovo, and Toshiba) lost 5% of the total market share. These numbers vary from quarter to quarter, but when the top five competitors see increases in market share, it is clear who dominates. Dell happens to offer a highly differentiated product. They pride themselves on providing high quality computers at better prices points than the competition as a result of directly selling to customers. Prior to Dell, no company successfully offered such a business concept. Sales and promotions are targeted toward special bundle packages (like monitor, printer, and computer in one purchase) and slightly dated computer designs. With Dells premier account, for example, businesses and schools are encouraged to buy specially configured computers (which can be further customized). Savings tend to be larger when consumers purchase computers bundled with an anti-virus package, and Dell warranty, and interest free payments for six months if customers own a Dell premier credit card. Though competitors like Sony offer similar incentive programs, none of them can match Dell. Though Dell was strictly direct-to-consumer oriented for the longest time, they were losing significant market share to Apple as a result of not offering their computers in stores. As a result, they agreed to a contract with Best Buy and Wal-Mart. Though customers would technically pay for the markup at Best Buy or Wal-Mart for the same computer they could purchase through Dell, this tactic helped to keep Dell from losing market share to HP and Apple. In addition, Dell began offering white-box PC solutions in 2003 which helped them achieve an additional $380 million in revenues. Though critics were skeptical of the decision to move into this segment, most saw it as an effort to take on white box dealers in China. Potential New Entrants The threat of potential new entrants is minimal if even possible. There is a considerable presence of sizable economies of scale in production and other areas of the operation include the following: a substantial amount of marketing and advertising that goes into Dells products and the ability to outsource areas of the business they cannot make profitable by locating in the US. In addition, Dell is the industry leader in minimizing inventory on hand. In addition to the economies of scale, the learning and experience effects curves have to be taken into consideration. Dell has followed the simple model of learn by doing. As a result, they have been improving efficiencies in their business model for the past eighteen and a half years (as of 2008). The competition cannot match Dell. As with any industry that has been defined for decades, there is a strong brand preference and somewhat high degrees of customer loyalty. Because Dell is focused on being the lost-cost leader in the industry, they need not worry about customers switching purely on price. Customers want an established brand name that has the proven ability to withstand the test of time. As a result, HP, Dell, Acer, Lenovo, and Toshiba will remain the top competitive global competitors for the years to come. Though Apple is a leader in the US, they will not be able to compete in price conscious countries. Because the market share is dominated by the big five, any completion will fight for the remaining half that is crowded with hundreds and thousands of un-established brands. As with most industries that have long been established, there would be extensive capital requirements for a new company. Entry would likely cost millions, is not billions of dollars. As a result, the same brand names have existed for decades. On top of that, striking deals with distributors and retail stores would prove to be difficult. What basis would new consumers have for trusting a brand new computer company? That is why Insignia failed. Assuming the company has these issues sorted out, they would still have to deal with restrictive regulatory policies and tariffs and international trade restrictions. A new threat will only exist if the company can figure out how to succeed at every one of these difficult situations. Substitute Products Substitute products are becoming an issue within the industry. As technology progresses the products of yesterday become obsolete. The smart phone is becoming the biggest threat to the personal computer. Though they are much smaller and fit in the palm of the customers hand, they are capable of doing many of the tasks that a computer can do. For users that compute on larger scales such as film makers, musicians, and reporters, the computer can never be replaced. As a result of the smart phones popularity, computer companies are now competing in this segment. Supplier Bargaining Power The supplier bargaining power through Dell is mainly weak, though there is some slight flexibility. For example, Dell cycles through the top two CPU suppliers (Intel and AMD). Because they are in fierce competition, they continue to make quality products and are normally differentiated only by price. When Dell switched to AMD in 2006, they switched because AMD was able to provide Dell with a better performing chip for a better price. Similar situations occur with peripherals like printers (switch from HP to Lexmark then Dell branded), several speaker offerings from Altec Lansing and Dell branded, and different suppliers for the motherboard. Dell will switch to the best supplier for the best price as long as component quality does not suffer. Buyer Bargaining Power Buyer bargaining power, on the other hand, is high. There are a variety of products to choose from at lower price points than the competition. Purchasing items in bundles leads to greater saving, especially if customers have a Dell premier account. In addition, refurbished or customer-returned computers are offered at even greater discounts. Because technology continually evolves, buyer preferences change, ultimately leading to product adaptations. Customers demand the best product at a better price than the competition. If Dell fails at their own mission statement, they will lose the market share they currently possess. INTERNAL ANALYSIS: SWOT STRATEGIC COST ANALYSIS Value Chain Analysis Dell aims to provide low prices on a diversified line of customizable personal computing solutions by selling direct to customers. In addition, they have an efficient supply chain and manufacturing process that allows them to maintain a leadership position in the industry. As a result, they can sell premium quality products at price points their customers can afford. Just recently to compete with Apple, they have extended their product offerings into retail stores like Best Buy and Wal-Mart. When surveys were conducted in 2008, Dell was found to be deficient in the laptop market segment. As a result, they began contracting part of their assembly process to manufacturing facilities in Asia. Once the basic assembly was completed in the Asian facilities, the half built computers were sent back to the US for final product completion. The problem was that this incurred more costs than if they outsourced the entire operation. As a result, laptops became 100% built overseas. Other cost reduction techniques include minimizing the number of days of stocked inventory. By 2002, Dell was able to minimizes their supplies to anywhere between 2.7 and 4 days. These low stocking days in addition to their purchasing model put Dell at a great advantage. When customers configure their computers online or at the kiosks, they are required to pay in full before their computer can be built. This puts Dell at a great advantage because they have the money for the computer (or other products) before the customer even has the tangible product. They also offer special deals for professional organizations, schools, and other preferred Dell account members. Because they keep a close relationship with their customers, they can create value in other areas like expanded product offerings and 24/7 customer service. Additionally, Dell runs several tests throughout the build process of the computers. Multiple levels of testing reduce the number of manufacturing errors, which furthers their cost reduction efforts. By the end of the manufacturing process, the computers are pre-loaded with an operating system and several programs to enhance buyer value. In short, when the customer receives their computer, they simply have to turn on the unit to begin us e. Dell believes that maintaining close relationships with their suppliers leads to better computers, which will improve customer satisfaction and keep costs low. Once customer satisfaction is high, they will likely buy additional products from Dell such as printers. Further, by providing twenty-four hour technical support, Dell can continue to emphasize the importance of their customers in their eyes. By outsourcing operations like laptop manufacturing and customer service call centers, Dell has found ways to produce products at better price points. Similarly, if Dell produced their own PC components, they would never be able to maintain their competitive edge. Costs for RD and production capacity would eliminate profit margins, even possibly putting Dell into a troubling situation financially. Updates to current model offerings are employed every couple of months. They include improved performance, new input device technologies (like eSata and USB 3.0) and increase energy efficiency. Benchmarking Activities In most industries, Benchmarking tends to have at least some importance in creating better products and improving efficiencies. In any technology driven industry, however, it is essential in order to survive. Dells goal is simple; they keep prices low by allowing customers to create a complete personalized computer according to pre-defined specifications. Doing this enables Dell to avoid carrying pre-configured computers in inventory. Though they do offer refurbished models for discounts, it is not a substantial part of the business. Because their business model is so unique, they can provide customizable solutions that minimize costs, eliminates much of the need for inventory carry-over, and requires customers to prepay (or set up a preferred payment account) before receiving the computer. By cutting out the middleman, Dell can pass on savings to the customer. In addition, by continually searching for ways to improve the manufacturing process, how customer orders are filled and ship ped, and how employees are trained, Dell can retain its competitive edge. Activity Based Costing Dell breaks down its individual activities of the value chain into several components that will provide cost estimates and capital requirements. Categories include advertising, researching, development, technical support (hardware and software related), selling, general, and administration, engineering, and logistics. When one activity is altered, its effects can be felt through the other activities throughout the chain. Once Dell establishes their cost estimates, they can analyze their competitiveness with companies like HP, Lenovo, and Acer. From there, they can make the necessary adjustments to maintain success. Competitive Strength Assessment Analyzing Dell for the competitive strength assessment is analyzed over two criteria. First, how does Dell rank relative to competitors on each of the important key success factors that determine market success? The second, does Dell have a net competitive advantage or disadvantage versus major competitors? Dell understands that in order to remain competitive, they must not lose sight of their business model. The continually search for ways to reduce costs along every aspect of the value chain. As a result, they fair well in the competitive strength assessment. They continue to satisfy their customers by providing total computing solutions. This assessment includes the comparison of the pre-defined industry key success factors against the top competitors: expertise in a particular technology or in scientific research, proven ability to improve production processes, and quality control know how to other competitors. In addition, other strength measures will be weighted. Included measures are product performance, reputation/image, and customer service capabilities. Once the key success factors are reviewed, the weighted overall strength rating will be determined. Weightings rank from highest (strongest) to lowest (weakest). This assessment helps pinpoint which areas Dell excels. Similarly, it also illustrates where they should improve. As illustrated by the competitive strength assessment, Dell still remains stronger than HP, but not Apple. But just because Apple ranks higher does not mean they sell more units. In 2007, Dell shipped (US) 19,645,000 units whereas Apple shipped 4,081. On a worldwide outlook, Apple is not ranked whereas HP shipped 50,526,000 and Dell shipped 39,993,000. Apples product line, however, is priced higher overall than the competition. Their theory is that extensive RD must be made to determine which parts work best together. Apple spends a great deal of time researching components to find out which ones talk best to each other. Their customers believe Apple computers tend to be more stable and last longer than the competition. Whether this is purely an advertising gimmick or legitimate fact has not been proven, but customers seem to believe this is the case. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS BUSINESS STRATEGY ANALYSIS: PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGIES Best-Cost Provider Strategy By late 1997, it was clear that Dell was defining their position in the market. They had become a low-cost leader that was discovering new ways to harness efficiencies from their direct sales business model. They wanted to provide quality computers at price points lower than the competition, and they succeeded. This strategy gave them the upper hand in the industry, and as a result, they are a top competitor with a high percentage of the overall market share. Dell achieved their best-cost status from the ability to provide customers with customizable computing solutions at lower than expected prices by cutting out the middleman. By employing this strategy over multiple product offerings, they were able to target a wide range of computer users from the business end to personal home users. Owner Michael Dell achieved this status by constantly benchmarking company performance. He continually searched for ways to improve all aspects of the business, which includes ongoing improvements in the assembly efficiency, improved quality control, enhancing partnerships with suppliers, adopting just-in-time inventory practices, website rebuild, customer service/technical support improvements, and placing Dell computers in retail stores. As a way to enhance value, Dell held forums that gave senior management the opportunity to listen to their best customers for determining future needs and expectations of buyers. In 2007, Dell began enhancing customer value through IdeaStorm, a website that allows customers to post suggestions for ways to improve the company. Improvements yield great reward, as Dell was rated number one (in 2005) for providing exceptional customer service to large enterprises. Vertical Integration When the industry was relatively new, it was essential for a PC manufacturer to be at least partially integrated. If they were not, customers did not receive their product well. That logic shifted over time, however, to the point where being vertically integrated would be detrimental to long-term company success. To not be vertically integrated is the best way for Dell to mass-produce computers. Today, Dell has an arms-length relationship between specialist suppliers, manufacturer/assemblers, and end users. It is unlikely for Dell to ever revert back and become even partially integrated, as the industry as a whole is becoming less integrated daily. Transaction Cost Economics Dell aims to keep transaction costs low and continually searches for ways to save. There are no surprises for customers when they visit the Dell website, unless medications have been made to the layout. Customers expect low prices for quality computers, and that is what they receive. Improving bargaining power between suppliers is highly unlikely, due to the fact that discounts on technology can only go so far. They are typically regulated and controlled, and have even been scrutinized for selling components for more than they are worth. Dell accepts PayPal, MasterCard, Visa, American Express and Discover credit cards in addition to their own premier account credit card. They believe that having multiple payment methods encourages customers to purchase more goods. In addition, other typical transaction cost economics include the time it takes to configure a computer online (or at one of the newly introduced kiosks), the time it takes to research what components fit customer needs the best, the time it takes to actually place an order, and the time it would take if customer service/technical support is needed. Cooperative Strategies Michael Dell believed that partnerships with suppliers would be better for the company than if it were to integrated backwards and manufacturer its own components. As a result, they have relationships with processor manufacturers Intel and AMD, hard disk drives manufacturers Seagate and Western Digital, speaker manufacturers Altec Lansing (often rebranded as Dell), and multimedia component manufacturers creative technology ltd. Other suppliers for parts like RAM, motherboards, fans, and DVD drives change depending on who supplies parts for the least amount of money. When Dell agrees to purchase components from suppliers, they are required to purchase a certain percentage of stock per order. As a result, Dell is able to demand products when needed. They can expect timely shipping and service from the suppliers as well. Suppliers often have locations within close proximity to Dells manufacturing facilities. In addition, these suppliers are often treated as Dell family members. Finally, these partnerships help drive down costs. Offensive Strategies Dells suppliers act offensively daily. They have to in order to keep up with changing technology. Coming from Dells perspective, they too act offensively. Though they are not necessarily pioneering new and better technologies, they demand the latest and great from suppliers at the quickest rate possible. They refresh their product line every few months to make it seem as though they are revamping their product line often. In addition, if there are new technologies that exist for determining ways to lower costs along the assembly line, they investigate and incorporate. They have been the leader in direct-marketing of computers and will likely remain at the top so long as they remain offensive. After all, they are the low-cost leader. Defensive Strategies Though Dells attempts at defensive strategies have not always been positive, they nevertheless attempted to fill a void in their product line. Responses to the changing marketplace include Dell televisions and Mp3 players. Though these products were highly competitive, they were never able to reach customers hands the way existing products could. This is one instance where Dells direct selling strategy proved to hurt their business model. A positive defensive strategy, however, was the release of the Inspiron notebook. Dell began outsourcing their entire laptop manufacturing operation to cut costs and maximize efficiencies. As a result, they were able to remain competitive and increase the market share that had began to lose. The global recession has also affected Dell, but most businesses have seen some sort of negative change from it anyway. First-Mover Advantages In 1984, Michael Dell began his journey of creating custom built computers sold directly to customers. This, in itself, is the first-mover advantage of the entire industry. No competitor has been able to match the success of Dell in terms of direct selling to consumers. They have had far more years of experience operating in this manner than any of the other competitors. It is for this reason Dell will likely remain the top competitor in direct-to-consumer computer sales. CORPORATE STRATEGIES: DIVERSIFICATION Beca

The Night Nurse :: essays research papers

An Unforgettable Night After reading Joyce Carol Oates story, â€Å" The Night Nurse,† revenge is what is found. This story starts off by a woman by the name of Grace Burkhardt, collapsing at a shopping mall because of a reason that was unknown at the time. She is taken in an ambulance to a hospital where she undergoes an emergency surgery for a blood clot that is in her leg that could have traveled to her heart. Grace’s stay in the hospital that night was not how she expected. The worst pain a person can indure, is the one who is left out.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the story Grace explains herself as being laid back. â€Å"I am behaving well, look how calm and civilized† (654). Grace never screamed out at the shopping mall. She tried to act as calm as possible. Even though Grace was in so much pain, she never sobbed to God or never did she ask, â€Å"Am I dying? Will I die† (654)? Shortly after the doctors took care of Grace, she went into surgery. After this is wh en her attitude begins to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After surgery Grace just lied in bed in so much pain. She cried out â€Å"help me†¦. I’m so cold, I’m so frightened† (654)! This is when the reader notices the shift in Graces attitude. Her attitude shifts into a tone that can practically be heard by the reader. As many times as Grace cried out for help the reader could tell she was desperate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the day was over, Grace was about to go through a night that she would never forget. She began to beg God, unlike in the beginning of the story, â€Å"Help me through the night† (655). The pain from Grace’s surgery was so severe, that she called for a nurse repeatedly. Finally a nurse came in to give her a bedpan so she could urinate. After Grace used the bedpan she waited for the nurse to come back and retrieve it, but she never came back. She needed a nurse also to bring her a blanket because she was freezing cold. Once again there was no nurse to be found.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Grace laid there waiting, she began to drift into her years at college. She thought about her several administrative positions she held during her years at Wells College. During these years people had always praised her. Grace always seemed to be favored by others.

Cloning Position Paper

The United States government should not fund cloning because cloning would not be an asset for the country right now. It would take a substantial amount funding away in having to accommodate both cloning research and regular scientific research. Looking at it as a whole, cloning is also a matter that a majority of U. S. citizens have not come to terms with. On a global scale, cloning would also create unnecessary competition between the U. S. nd other powerful countries. If the government were to support cloning research, research funds with either have to be split or added onto. With funds being split, progress and and vital advances would be deferred among research that is already going on today. Since our country is well into national debt, adding funds on to enable cloning research would not be wise. America, as one people, are not wholly agreed on the circumstances of cloning research.For some, cloning is crossing an important and moral religious line, let alone a scientific one . For others, cloning is seen as a threat to human and animal rights. If our country is not already equally divided on the issue of cloning, the majority is likely not for cloning. If the U. S. facilitates cloning research, it is likely that other powerful countries will follow lead. There are already many countries who do cloning research, so why make it even more of a global competition?I may also add that there is a wide range of international debt, the U. S. is not the only one experiencing deficit. If any countries should be allowed cloning research, it should be Canada or Sweden; countries that actually have stable economies. Realistically, the U. S. is not yet prepared to fund cloning research. Why can't we just give the glory to a country who could use it? We don't need to reign supreme over every notable advance ever made, or even try to.

Future career Essay

Every person thinks a lot about his future and admits that hard work lies ahead. â€Å"Mother to Son†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Young people claim that they are willing to make the sacrifices needed to reach their goals. â€Å"If you don’t think about your future, you cannot have one.†Ã¢â‚¬ Hold fast to dreams†So it is vital to hitch your wagon to a star. In order to reach our goals, we should be persistent, optimistic, hard working, imaginative, creative†¦ and so on, but practical and down to Earth. So, most young people place a high priority on education. If you think about your future career it is worth mentioning the fact, that the future expectations of every man are connected with acquiring (getting) quality education which in its turn includes many aspects, such as: self creation, developing your abilities and character, keeping fit, social adaptability, creative potentials and intellect. The most important thing that young people want from life is career success followed by happiness, marriage and family and they are also concerned with global issues, such as ecological problems, social problems, wars, terrorism. Future is purchased by the present so while a teenager it is important to become a true personality. â€Å"If you can feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Every man is a maker of his own fortune and character. -to achieve aims;-to overcome future obstacles, troubles;-to fulfill dreams. â€Å"As long as I have a wish I have a reason for living, satisfaction is death!†The future comes one day at a time. A well educated highly intellectual person is one of the treasures of any society. So it is not only your wish but your duty to have a good quality education. But to get it one should remember ‘that there is no royal road to  learning† and † the rules of education are bitter but the fruit is sweet†. So it is important to have an active mind to get a balanced view of the world and to develop your mental abilities to the highest degree. It is vital to find your own place in the community to get along with people, to grasp the importance of any work for the benefit of the whole society, to find place between personal and society needs. But you are to remember that future is made of the same stuff as the present. Every day is your life, it isn’t a rehearsal, it is life. Never let the future disturb you, you will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason, which today arms you against the present. Very many of us live life of the never never. Telling ourselves that just as soon as we have get passed this or that stage period in life we would be able to devote all our energies to what we really want to do. But in this case tomorrow will never come. You should remember that â€Å"future is not a gift, it is an achievement†. And you are to appreciate this very day to start its creation new, without delay and don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today. If you don’t think about the future you cannot have one. But if you do all you can in order your dreams and aspirations will come true, you will pursue an advanced level ofeducation, carry out successful career for yourself, marry and raise children and will certainly make contributions within the fear of your own family, work and community. So one of the most important and difficult problems, a young person faces is choosing an occupation, deciding what to do about a career and future. Career is not only a job or profession for which one is trained and intends to follow all his life, career is also the general course of one’s working life, the way he wants to live. Choosing an occupation takes time and it is the most complicated problem to find a right way in life. â€Å"The road not taken†¦Ã¢â‚¬ But few things are impossible to diligence and skill and though life â€Å"is no crystal stair†, young people have an advantage to choose their future way of life while at school. It gives them a goal to work towards and enables them to choose a right suitable course of study. While at school a person may find out that he will need to get some actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify to the particular job. Fortunately there are a lot of people, young persons can turn for advice and help in making their decision while at school. Schools have changed a lot in recent years and they try not only to give pupils better education, but to encourage them to choose a future profession by specializing in particular subjects: languages, economy, business, technology or even religion. Pupils may choose between state and private schools. There are teachers who are professionally qualified to consult pupils, to help them in acquiring the skills and knowledge which will enable them to understand the structure of opportunities they face, to realize their strengths and to encourage them to make a right decision. But even if a person gets other people involved in helping him make a decision self-education is an important part of the decision making process, because â€Å"every man is a maker of his own fortune†. â€Å"God gives the nuts but he doesn’t crack them†Ã¢â‚¬ Miracles sometimes occur, but one is to work terribly hard for them†So being at school you are to put your heart in acquiring sound knowledge for your future. So choosing a career and getting a job are two of the most important things any person does in lifetime.

rap kills the brain essays

rap kills the brain essays "ROCK MUSIC AND RAP MUSIC IS SUPPOSED TO DESTROY THE MIND" An idea believed by many people is that music has a significant effect on the way people think. Professional psychologists say that the lyrics used in music today has a brain washing effect. This brain washing effect is supposed to make the listener become so overwhelmed with the lyrics of the song, that the person feels that they have to act on what was heard. Act on what they heard means, that they do what the music tells them to do. Whether whatever they do is accepted or not, the music did not cause this to occur. When we hear about this effect music has, we immediately think of negative effects. It is common to believe that the type of music that provides unacceptable content is rap (hip-hop) music, or rock-n-roll (head-banger) music. The reason people have this presumption is rap and rock-n-roll both have a reputations of having or using inappropriate lyrics. With both types of music you tend to hear profanity, artists who degrade women, and talk negatively about other people. When people listen to either type of music over a period of time, they are supposed to have the feeling that they need to do what these inappropriate lyrics say or do. Saying music has the power to control human beings is rather extreme. That is like saying that we humans have no responsibility for our actions. It is understandable that some people are foul, and, they do foul things. Using rap music and rock music as a scapegoat is not right. When we do listen to either rap or rock music, we hear lyrics that are unpleasant to hear, for some people. Usually the artists are speaking about things that happened to them or about things that they are directly involved with. More often than not, they are not trying to advocate such action. They are trying to stop what they are speaking about or make it known to listeners, to what is actually happening where they live or where they ...

The Second Inaugural Address o essays

The Second Inaugural Address o essays Lincolns Second Inaugural Speech, given before congress on March 4, 1865, was perhaps best noted at the time it was given for its extreme brevity. However, unbeknownst to most of the grand orators of the time who regarded Mr. Lincoln as an uneducated country bumpkin, the presidents speech spoke greater volumes of truth in the few minutes it took to deliver, than any one of them would ever accomplish in as many hours. With the end of the war in sight, Lincoln worked his purpose in the Second Inaugural to fit the needs of a country ravaged by war. Lincoln appealed to his audience to conduct reconstruction of the soon-to-be defeated Confederacy with compassion and forgiveness. By using word economy, simplicity, and avoiding extremes, Lincoln more than accomplished his purpose. He delivered what is now considered one of the greatest speeches in American history. At Gettysburg, Lincoln had demonstrated the virtues of economy in the use of words. Lincoln had aspirations of doing the same thing in his second inaugural speech. This is impressive when we consider the grand scale of nineteenth century oratory, and the fact that most presidents gave very few speeches of any kind (for fear of saying something divisive). Unlike twenty- first century politics, where presidential speeches are delivered to the masses on a regular basis, and every aspect of their speaking style is subject to public scrutiny, presidents of the Civil War era were rarely seen making a public speech. They did not speak on campaign tours. They did not speak to conventions that nominated them. They even didnt give their annual speech to Congress in person. One must conjecture that it was difficult for Lincoln to hold back, for he knew all too well the power of oratory (from the Douglass debates and the Gettysburg Address.) With this in mind, it is all the more impressive that Lincoln held back from saying all that he wanted to say in his s...

A Readers Responsibility

A Readers Responsibility Yall ever read Suite T, the blog for Southern Writers Magazine? Its pretty good, and this past week,  Terry Whalin  posted  4 Ways to Support Writers. I want to take this a step further and not state HOW a reader can help a writer, but WHY they have a responsibility to do so. When a reader picks up a book to read, they expect to invest hours into the entertainment. The author and publisher on the other end are waiting with fingers crossed to hear how the reader liked it. They need feedback to better understand how to proceed with subsequent works. Any type of industry needs feedback. Are they doing it right? Are they creating the right product? Publishers, agents, and bookstores hang on public feedback to determine whether an author is worth fooling with. Silence is deadly. So, if a reader likes a story, or an author, they need to speak up. Otherwise they risk losing a good story, or worse, a good author. Lets talk about a readers responsibility when they read a book: 1) Buy the  book. An occasional freebie is fine, especially when test-driving an author. However, authors, publishers, agents, cover designers, etc. depend on income to eat and put a roof over their head. Buy a book. 2) Write a review.  Do you want more stories like the one you just read? Then post a review. Otherwise, how is anyone supposed to know that this type of writing needs to continue? Call it a thank-you to the people who fought hard to put that book in your hands. They cannot read your mind. 3) Reply to blog posts.  Blogs are free, frequently used to sell books or an authors prowess. Dont read a post  and silently blow away. At least thank the writer or blog host. Yes, youre busy, but so are they. What if you did a job and nobody told you whether it was good or bad?  Again, the silence is a killer. 4) Take responsibility for your social media.  Dont just read. Dont just rant about politics or the neighbors noise next door. Dont just take and not give back. When you see a book promoted, and you like it or the author, then retweet or share. Its a button, people. 5) Use your word-of-mouth.  If you do not relay to others about a good book, and everyone else remains just as silent, that good book disappears along with the subsequent books after it from that author. Many an author has withered away due to lack of feedback, because feedback equates to sales, which equates to contracts and/or earning a living. Ive seen good writers think they were no goodall because readers remained quiet. Oh, and if youre a writer? Magnify that responsibility

Advantages of Uniform in High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advantages of Uniform in High School - Essay Example Allowing civilian clothing in schools evidently, functions bring out the aspect of the class and social status as other students will be wearing trendier and more expensive clothes than others. Such disparities and divisions result in peer pressure among the students and prompt unnecessary distraction from the core objective of gaining knowledge and excelling in their academics. Hence, the use of uniforms goes a long way in helping students to concentrate on their education and functions to minimize the differences existing between them in as far as economic empowerment and social class are concerned. The resultant effect of implementing this code of dressing is increased performance and reduced peer pressure, achieved through equality (by way of having a defined dressed code). Billy Clinton echoed these sentiments when he supported the need to have school uniforms in American public schools in order to avoid cases of teenagers killing each other over designer jackets and other trend y outfits (Tofel-Grehl & Callahan, 2014). Secondly, it goes a long way in promoting discipline among students. Wearing uniforms makes the students become more responsible in terms of the actions within and without the school premises as they are obliged to abide by the school rules at all times since they wear school uniforms-which can be used to identify them, meaning that they have to behave as is required of them by their respective management systems. These school rules and guidelines work to instill discipline and good conduct among the students. Recent research has documented beyond reasonable doubt that students who have good discipline perform equally well in their class work.

Exam Questions (Exercise Science) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam Questions (Exercise Science) - Assignment Example Morris arrived at this decision only after analyzing the reasons for the heart attacks and he conducted a study and survey on the double-decker buses. This study helped him to come out with the decision that the drivers were more prone to attacks, where as the conductors who frequented both the levels in the buses, had little chances of getting a heart attack. (Morris, 1975). It was clearly evident that people who exercise on a regular basis were less likely to be affected by heart diseases. Morris proved that people who perform some sort of physical task on a regular basis were free from such problems. His contribution to the medical field was well appreciated and he received several awards for his contribution to this field. Physical activity and cardio vascular health was interrelated and people realized it only after Morris’s research and analysis on the problems related to heart attacks. Morris’s contribution was important as it paved the way to more serious thought about exercise. It was then, people started to take up the issue seriously and they started to act towards it. Similar to his findings, Ralph Paffenbarger also revealed the fact that physical fitness can certainly help people to reduce the risk of heart disease. Paffenbarger was an active professor who conducted researches on physical fitness and its benefits. He also showed that the rate of death can get decreased if people increased their level of physical fitness. (Paffenbergar & Blair, 2001). The possible positive aspects of physical fitness formed the main part of his studies and researches. He linked exercise with longevity and proved that physical exercise would give a longer life and people who were involved physical exercise were much active in their older days. They also had a longer life when compared to people who neglected any sort of a physical activity. His contribution to the

Ideal Sampling Frame in Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Ideal Sampling Frame in Marketing - Assignment Example The scale is mostly used by marketers when previous information about a particular product is not available. If the marketer simply base his decision of manufacturing a product on the basis of the results that state that more consumer has selected the probably will buy and definitely will buy the product, then he may end up making a mistake because usually very low number of consumers who state that definitely will buy might not actually buy the product. Â  The ideal sampling frame is a term used to denote a sample frame in which the entire population is accessible and no one is missing, this does not take place in the real world. In the absence of such frame, an alternate way called representative sampling can be utilized to determining the same sample frame may be used with aid of characteristics of the sample that need to be tested. Â  Probability sampling is referred to the selection of samples that are selected on a random basis and not in accordance with the convenience of the researcher. Non-probability sampling arises when samples are selected in a random manner in accordance with convenience. Example: Conducting a survey of the school you study and selecting school students as sample. Â  

Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz - Essay Example In 1944 Davis was privy to observe the performance of a band comprised of jazz great, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. These two were creators of the then new bebop style of jazz known for its ‘fast’ and ‘dynamic rhythm variations’ (all.about.jazz 2009). Interestingly, Davis style was in direct contrast to this fast pace it was considered to be cool. It was so cool that his first recording which was initiated by him was called ‘Birth of the Cool’. This album would later be abducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In an attempt to emulate Parker and Gillespie Davis began a program of study in the Institute of Musical Art in New York City now known as Julliard in 1944. However, by 1945 he was requested to be a guest player at one of Parker’s show and so ended his study at Julliard’s. He became a full-time jazz musician. For the next three years Davis joined bands of the like of Benny Carter, Eckstine and Parker. During these years he made several recordings as a sideman. In 1948 Davis established his own band and eventually signed with Capitol Records. Subsequent to his signing with Capitol for several years Davis’ success was hindered by his use of heroin. Fortunately Davis was able to overcome this drug addiction and landed a contract with Columbia Records. Following his heroin years Davis went on to gain nine Grammy Awards and several other Grammy Nominations. One of his most famous recordings was in 1959 ‘Kind of Blue’ which sold more than ‘two million copies, a phenomenal success for a jazz record’ (all.about.jazz 2009). With albums like ‘Someday My Prince Will Come’, ‘Quiet Nights’, ‘Miles Davis in Europe’ and ‘Bitches Brew’ to name a few earned Davis these awards. His final Grammy in 1993 was a Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance for Miles and Quincy Live at Monteux. Clearly, Miles Davis was a legend in his own right. He created a new form of jazz which

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Questions - Essay Example The government can address this by penalizing through the imposition of high taxes those companies who are subcontracting or exporting jobs abroad. This will in effect discourage companies to export jobs because it will become expensive to subcontract jobs. This arrangement is still possible because the government did not prohibit companies to relocate work but only formulated a strategy that does not give business incentive to export jobs. 2. Explain the importance of East Asia as an economic powerhouse. Is economic or political power shifting from North America (and specifically the United States) toward East Asia? Explain. Which historical and economic reasons might prevent East Asia from acting as a unified region in world politics? In economics, US economy is about eight times bigger than China and has also massive industrial and technological complex that can sustain the output and growth of its economy.   Its currency is still used as the worlds  reserve currency and it is not likely that the US dollar will be replaced by other currency soon (Business Monitor International, 2009 pg. 23).  China on the other hand lacks multinational corporations and does not  even  have its own industrial complex making its economy heavily dependent on Western enterprise Also, the huge  size of US economy enables it to allocate a military budget equaled by none.   It only allocates 4% of its total GDP on defense but due to the sheer size of its economy, this translates to a $600 billion military budget (Jinghao, 2008).   US has also the most advance weaponry in the world.   US military arsenal is already capable of stealth combat with its F22 fighters and B52 long range bombers.   To date, US has already completed the informationalization of its military that is leading to the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"no man†, networking orientation which is a powerful global combat strength (Pastor, 2001).   United States is also capable of projecting power beyond its border.   Its 12

How should other areas of DE Mar(marketing, finance, personnel) Essay

How should other areas of DE Mar(marketing, finance, personnel) support its product strategy.. And how should each of the 10 OM decisions be managed to ensure - Essay Example There are many examples f good promotional techniques, and I will go over some f them in this article. A good time to offer special sales is before and during the busy time f your business year. In De Mar, we see this in retail all the time. There are spring sales, summer sales, fall sales, winter sales, white sales, close out sales, inventory sales and on and on. What's really happening here is that companies want to excite you about coming in and taking advantage f price reductions they are offering. Also, if they are heavy on inventory or out-of-style garments, they want to get rid f them and will do so at a reduced rate. You can have sales too. Let's use the example f an air conditioning contractor. Prior to summer, you can offer reduced rates on cooling systems for homeowners. By doing so, you cause people to think about those systems ahead f time. We all know that you are not going to reduce the prices very much in the dead f summer. Also, people know they may have to wait during the summer because it's a busy time, and this way they can be ready for summer and save money as we ll. Efficient customers' caring policy and service department, De Mar can offer to check systems. Tell homeowners you will come out, check their heating and cooling systems, provide general service and repair any needed components. Your price to come out and perform this service should be purposely reduced from your normal rate to attract attention. This also helps to increase business during slower times and even out your business cycle. If you offer service contracts, you can sign up homeowners at certain times f the year and at a special rate. You'll notice that when you purchase an appliance these days, they offer service or extended warranty contracts at very low rates. You would be amazed at the number f people that take those contracts, and the amount f money it generates for the business. The customer just purchased something at a reduced or sale price and for just a few more dollars the customer can have an extended warranty. Most f us accept the offer, and those extra dollars help to bring the profitability f the sale up. You are probably asking yourself, what about the warranty If something happens, a company could spend all kinds f money fixing the problems under the warranty. This is where quality products, construction or services play an important role. Having an open house, mini trade show, buffet lunch or other events at your location is also very effective. Asking contractors to attend and see the products demonstrated or explained by manufacturers' representatives while they have lunch really works. They get a chance to see your company and services in action. Additionally, most manufacturers will help sponsor the lunch in order to be invited. Done correctly, it is possible to stage such an event and have it totally paid for by others. Companies have invited homeowners to "How To" sessions conducted after working hours, and they have been very

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Questions - Essay Example The government can address this by penalizing through the imposition of high taxes those companies who are subcontracting or exporting jobs abroad. This will in effect discourage companies to export jobs because it will become expensive to subcontract jobs. This arrangement is still possible because the government did not prohibit companies to relocate work but only formulated a strategy that does not give business incentive to export jobs. 2. Explain the importance of East Asia as an economic powerhouse. Is economic or political power shifting from North America (and specifically the United States) toward East Asia? Explain. Which historical and economic reasons might prevent East Asia from acting as a unified region in world politics? In economics, US economy is about eight times bigger than China and has also massive industrial and technological complex that can sustain the output and growth of its economy.   Its currency is still used as the worlds  reserve currency and it is not likely that the US dollar will be replaced by other currency soon (Business Monitor International, 2009 pg. 23).  China on the other hand lacks multinational corporations and does not  even  have its own industrial complex making its economy heavily dependent on Western enterprise Also, the huge  size of US economy enables it to allocate a military budget equaled by none.   It only allocates 4% of its total GDP on defense but due to the sheer size of its economy, this translates to a $600 billion military budget (Jinghao, 2008).   US has also the most advance weaponry in the world.   US military arsenal is already capable of stealth combat with its F22 fighters and B52 long range bombers.   To date, US has already completed the informationalization of its military that is leading to the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"no man†, networking orientation which is a powerful global combat strength (Pastor, 2001).   United States is also capable of projecting power beyond its border.   Its 12

Hound of the baskervilles Essay Example for Free

Hound of the baskervilles Essay Conan Doyle writes the text I am studying and the novel is The Hound of the Baskervilles it is a story where a phantom hound is supposedly killing off members of the Baskerville bloodline. So Sir Henry calls upon Sherlock Holmes to investigate along with Watson and hopefully lay the myth to rest forever. In this essay I will describe the characters and look at how Conan Doyle creates suspense + a feeling of mystery in the text and how he describes the environment by using different language. In particular I will be looking at the language used in the sentences, as this is an important part as to how Conan Doyle creates suspense. Watson tells the story in the first person we know this because the story is told by him and his diary also this has already happened making this in the past tense, the events happen in chronological order. Watson describes everything very slowly and in detail up until they chase after the hound, then everything happens very quickly after this. Conan Doyle uses clever wording in his sentences for example: a key turned in the lock and as he passed in there was a curious scuffling from within this creates tension because it makes you fearful of what is in the shadows of the room. This makes you want to read on to find out what happens and what creature lurks inside the abyss. Conan Doyle makes you panic when he introduces the sea of fog gliding across the Grimpen Mire. This causes tension because if sir Henry does not get to them the hound will get him then when the hound leaps out of the fog with burning blue teeth it makes you jump up in your seat. This dissipates the tension and everything turns into adrenaline to kill the hound. You know something scary is going to happen when they cock there pistols ready to shoot what ever comes at them earthly or demonic. Hist cried Holmes and I heard the sharp click of a cocking pistol this shows that they are ready for anything and this builds tension because your eagerly anticipating whatever is going to come out of the fog. Conan Doyle creates tension by making sure that Holmes does not tell lestrade and Watson anything this makes them very annoyed but because of this it creates a lot of suspense and tension in the reader because you do not know what is going on. The Grimpen Mire is described as a dangerous creature crawling across the mire and towards the house and this creates a threatening atmosphere because unless sir Henry gets to them in time then Holmes plans could be thrown into disarray and the hound could kill sir Henry so this creates a tense atmosphere. The Grimpen Mire is described as a huge morass of foul slime filled with bones. Protected by the foul smell of the swamp, which gives off a very sinister smell, which gives it a sinister feel and how cruel Stapleton was. Stapleton had obviously gone slightly mad in his desperate attempts to kill members of the Baskerville bloodline. In conclusion Conan Doyle creates tension by keeping his cards close to his chest up until the very last few moments and this is how he develops tension. Also by describing the scenes and introducing the sinister fog it makes the scene scarier. The tensest bit is when you are waiting for the hound after sir Henry has passed and there are a few heart pounding seconds waiting for the creature. I think that Conan Doyles choice of language and the way he sets out the environment is how he creates tension and that this is why it is so tense in chapter 14 of the Hound of the Baskervilles.

Distinguish Between Personnel Management And Human Resource Management Commerce Essay

Distinguish Between Personnel Management And Human Resource Management Commerce Essay Personnel Management is an independent function of an organization whereas HRM is considered to be an intrinsic part of an organizations workings. HRM has a much broader scope as it involves personnel and management tasks while developing teams of workers for the benefit of the organization by working to their maximum level of efficiency (Ulrich, 2005).   Personnel management have a tendency or have idea to motivate employees using external factors such as rewards and praises. By this way employee satisfaction is use as improve performances. And HRM believes how to implement and effective uses of the strategy make better performance and thus results in employee satisfaction. (Truss Gratton, 2004). PM is as describe a reaction based style of management, it is providing feedback to concerns and response when demanded. But HRM is more practical and provides ongoing strategy to improve the organisations workforce (Ulrich, 2005). 1.2 Assess the function of the human resource management in contributing to organisational purposes HRMs main function is to recruit, select, train and develop staff. It means finding the right people, training and developing them, so they can achieve their potential and creating systems which is leading to success of the organisation through high levels of morale and motivation (Mockler, 2002).  Ã‚   So Yo Dud need a HRM manager to make all department up-to-date means they use different types of training such as ongoing, training framework, care skills, health safety, legal and multi- skill. Jack will understand that motivated employees are essential for the continued growth of the Yo Dud magazine. HRM personals provide its staff with an ongoing and continuous training and development programme with appropriate and timely reward and recognition. The various levels of the company are well supported with work groups, strategies to meet new challenges and a chance to move higher up the order. Appraisal is a very important part of Human Resource Management (Fombrun et al, 1994). And it can helps Jack to get the desired result and get success. 1.3 Evaluate the role and responsibilities of line managers in human resource management The roles and responsibilities of Human Resource managers at any organization are demanding and vital. In Yo dud have strategically integrated HR into their overall plans. Managers have been to utilise aspects of HR in their decision making.  Ã‚  HRM managers have to balance organisational needs with the individuals expectations. Some employees will develop their career with one employer, while others require transferable skills. The manager requires employees with the right skills to ensure and sustain competitive advantage. They put increased emphasis on staff training and try to incorporate the learning into the organization. There is constant reviewing of the intervention and adjustments are made where necessary. It is also up to the HRM managers to see that the employers are motivated. 1.4 Analyse the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on human resource management Legal and regulatory requirements of HRM require protecting employees from unfair discrimination at the workplace. Define the 40 hour work week, the pay rate for working overtime and the minimum wage. It also requires protecting employee investments in their pensions. So Yo Dud need to go through a good beneficial scheme which is provides long-term benefits to their employees. Require that firms provide the same pay for men and women who are doing the same work. Labour relations describe the process by which unions can be formed and indicate what the parties can and cannot do. Provide clean and safe environment at the work place. Prevent unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours other inappropriate verbal and physical conduct or hostile conditions. So these terms will be strict to maintain and aware legal restrictions. Task 2.1 Analyse the reasons for human resource planning in organisations The main goal of human resource planning is to ensure that a company always has candidates lined up to fill a new available post or position so that time and productivity are not lost. Long delay times in between one departure and new hire could be more weigh on the company. Forecasting is an important factor of the process that can tell how long the process to hire new employee, and make speedy the process. In case of when the large number of employee needed and job market is stiff for workers with requiring skills, then HR department will have to secure these workers. And it will be more difficult when the rivals are also seeking people with these skills, and secure the new talents to step up recruiting efforts and increase compensation packages to attract talent (Grant, 2005). If a company did not engage in human resource planning, it would not know how difficult it would be to hire the necessary workers until too late. Potential employees would be lost to rivals, and the  business  would be unable to build the team it needs.. This helps the HR department to stay in pace with the needs of staff and employees for Tesco. 2.2 Outline the stages involved in planning human resource requirements Stage 1: Establish a Competency Architecture and Competency Dictionary that will support Strategic Human Resource Planning. For each group to be profiled, define the roles and career streams to help identify current and future human resources needs. Determine how competencies will be integrated with the existing HR Planning process and systems (e.g., Human Resource Information Management systems; other computer-based tools, for example forecasting models) (Grant, 2005). Stage 2: Build or revamp HR Planning tools, templates and processes to incorporate elements as determined in Stage 1.Train managers and / or facilitate corporate HR Planning process. Continuously monitor and improve processes, tools and systems to support HR Planning (Grant, 2005). 2.3 Compare the recruitment and selection process in two organisations Need to seek the process, Jack For the development of their magazine, Tesco: As the market leader in the UK, Tesco mainly uses the means of in-store advertising, local agency and recommendations from existing employees to recruit. Meanwhile, Tesco chooses the new staff through online video conferences which favour the rapidest efficiency as well. In addition, unlike other common businesses, the interviews at Tesco will be conducted by the line manager in order to build up the loyalty with the recruit and help to make decisions. Sky B2B: The core elements of Sky B2B recruitment and selection process are similar to that of Tesco. They pay important attention to the reasonable treatment of its staff. The most focus is to deal with its candidates with its equality and diversity policy at all times. That policy is framed to recruit and select people without discrimination as well as aim to choose employees with the diverse personality and ability. But the aspect that is different is they tend to select and recruit employees based on their skills and technical ability due to the nature of their business. 2.4 Evaluate the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection techniques in two organisations Workforce planning is important for any organisation if they have to meet their future demands for staff. It is a way to train their existing staff to get responsive new staff to fill the vacancies (Armstrong, 1992). So if the Yo Dud goes through this technique then they will get talented employees which can improve the performance of the company and get the desired outcome and they can grow new job talents or job opportunities, including management, graduate, school leaver and apprentice posts. They need to have people with the right skills and behaviours to support its growth and development and have clear organizational structures, detailed job descriptions and person specifications. It has provides a user-friendly way, that is indicating how can applying for jobs and reliable approach to recruitment and selection. It can fulfil and manage the demanding need of staff. Task 3.1 Assess the link between motivational theory and reward Motivation is a concept used to describe the factors within an individual which produce, maintain and channel behaviour towards a targeting goal.  Motivation is a complex concept. Remuneration is also complex.  According to People thinking, that money is a motivator. Money does have an effect, but motivation is not just money and involves lots of things. It wills Positive effects coming through good financial and non-financial rewards (Grant, 2005). It is very important to motivate employees fro the growth of the organisation. Managers can create a positive environment and employees feel comfortable and motivate towards the organisational goal and some of their own goals. These goals could be appreciation of hard work,  a sense of achievement,  responsibility and empowerment,  opportunity for advancement, and a sense of challenge and enjoyment. There sis many non financial rewards also helpful to make an employee motivate. Rewards come through many ways like health benefits, flexibility in working time, staff discount, shares of the company etc. Financial compensation is an important factor to motivate employees and non financial rewards also make long term effects on the mind of the employee. So it is your (organisational) responsibility to ensure they using all the available resources to motivate them (Ulrich,2005). 3.2 Evaluate the process of job evaluation and other factors determining pay Definition: Job evaluation is the generic term applied to a variety of ways in which the relative worth or value of different jobs may be established. It helps to determine internal relativities by relating different rates of pay to different elements in the job (Truss Gratton, 2004). Lets start with the one of the UKs leading retailers example every year Tesco invites staff to and arrange a satisfaction within their employees to find about their job aspects it is called viewpoint. It aims to identify how much more valuable one job is in relation to another and so lay the foundations for a fair and orderly pay structure. One of the most widely known examples of schemes which have been developed by individual management consultancy companies is the Hay scheme. In its original form this relies on three factors know-how, problem solving, and accountability (Ulrich, 2005).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Know-how is the sum of every kind of knowledge; skill and experience required for standard acceptable job performance. Problem solving is the self-starting thinking required by the job for analysing, evaluating, creating, reasoning, arriving and drawing conclusions. Accountability is the answerability for action and for the consequences of that action. It is measured effect of the job on end results (Fombrum et al, 2004).   While job evaluation is concerned with the value which companies put on jobs pay can also be focused on the individual and group i.e. pay is linked to assessment of individual or team performance, skills, competence or contribution. It could be skill based or performance based. Tesco uses a performance related method to reward its employees by bonuses and promotion (Grant, 2005). 3.3 Assess the effectiveness of reward systems in different contexts The reward system is good method to keep the employees motivated. Reward will be given thorough annual, weekly, or monthly bases or hourly rate of pay for a capable worker to perform a job (Armstrong, 1992). Reward power will be involve on two factors; First, indirect pay which is coming through giving a lifestyle break, free or reduced health benefits, discount gym membership, staff discount and company share options. Secondly, non-financial rewards which are the intrinsic rewards related to peoples needs and expectations such as those provided by any organisation which include career development and opportunities for personal development by providing a career break. Achievement, recognition and responsibility are some of the other intrinsic rewards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main aim of the rewards system is to Attract enough recruits with the right qualities and qualifications to satisfy organisational requirements. Retain employees with the core skills and competencies needed by the organisation. Motivate employees with a view to improving their on-the-job performance and commitment to the organisation. (Grant, 2005) The HRM is a department which puts a lot of stress on their reward system in order to apply its effectiveness. The idea that it might be possible to match a payment system and a set of circumstances in such a way as to achieve stated objectives deserves consideration. 3.4 Examine the methods organisations use to monitor employee performance In an effective organization, assignments and projects are monitored continually. Monitoring is a time after time measuring and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their progress toward achieving goals (Ulrich, 2005). Regulatory requirements for monitoring system is that which comparing employees performance according to the required standards. The process is provides the opportunity to review the performance how well employee meet the programmed standards and to make changes to unrealistic or problematic standards. So monitoring process is a way to avoid and rectify the unacceptable performances and provide the assistance. With this process an organisation can get better support to its staff on all level and thats why they are able to monitor and also assist when needed (Mockler, 2002). Task 4.1 Identify the reasons for cessation of employment with an organisation Resignation An employee can resign, or terminate his own employment, for a number of reasons. like employee is not satisfied with the job or unhappy, and could get better offer for the same job and some time some personal reason also effects their decision to leave the job. If the employee resigns, then employer need to find the cause behind and arrange interview to verify the cause, and employer should ask for the resignation in writing and retain that documentation (Fombrun et al, 1994). Layoff If there is a lack of work, if the company is in financial trouble, and May the specific job is not necessary or not needed then the company can layoff employee. So this process will be under the legal regulation. For example it is under the notification of the employee, Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act, employers must give employees advance notice of closings and layoff. It is make employee and their family to adjust and make new arrangement for them or seeking unemployment benefits (Fombrun et al, 1994). Merger/Buyout A merger is another possible cause to affect the employees. Even though the employer doesnt want to do so, in some cases employers offer a severance package to employees terminated under these circumstances (Boxall, 1992). For Cause It happens when employee behaviour effects the companys reputation and other workers. For instance, if employee making some falsifier their time card or physically attacks a co worker, and this will be the cause of their termination, then employer should systematically document the employees behaviour when terminating Them (Boxall, 1992). Poor Performance Poor performance is other biggest cause of employee termination when employee doesnt fulfil their job commitment and fail to comply with the position. Before terminates that employee, employer will given the time to rectify the deficiency performance and given a time frame to keep correct it. And the documentation also needed before termination of the employee (Fombrun et al, 1994). 4.2 Describe the employment exit procedures used by two organisations Employment exit procedure used at a software company Every day in companies, people begin and terminate their employment. This continual movement of people can, and often does, result in a major security exposure, specifically in cases of employee separation. It is not uncommon to hear stories of retribution by terminated employees who feel they have been treated unfairly. This may be in the form of computer hacking, sabotage, illegal entry onto company property, and other forms of wrongdoing. The damage caused can be severe and can seriously affect the company and its employees. An  employee exit procedure  should be formally prepared, documented, and published to provide consistency for managers in dealing with terminated employees, i.e., items to be collected from an employee leaving the company, and computer / system access to be expediently inactivated. Briefly, as an example, the manager of an employee leaving the company should do the following: Collect keys, parking passes, ID cards, access cards, company credit cards, and travel call cards. Collect any off-site equipment, such as computers, cell phones, and pagers.   Arrange to have network IDs disabled, and delete or inactivate any other system access. Deactivate voice mail, and remove or re-assign phones. Employment exit procedure commonly used in Banks Resignation letter in written form Process on resignation letter Employee exit interview Acceptance of resignation Exit check list Clean out the office desk, files, etc, and return all supplies to production, take all personal belongings. Return all company credit cards Hand in all copies of reports and manuals Delete software from personal laptops or home computers 4.3 Consider the impact of the legal and regulatory framework on employment cessation arrangements Upon receiving notice to layoff and redesign job descriptions of employees, specific areas were reviewed in order to make a decision that would provide the best outcome for the company.  Ã‚  These areas include job performance, productivity, special achievements, job responsibility, educational qualifications, absenteeism and status (Truss Gratton, 2004). Length of service should play a role to make decision for reduction in company (non union) but it should be taken into thought along with skill level. An employee can not save their job only because of the several year services with the organisation. So an employee needs to be reviewing their performance (Fombrun et al, 1994). An existing employee is assets of the organisation because of their best services and know how to performing and cop with requirement and he/she is a strong candidate because new employee needs to further training to meet the required standard. So one very important thing is that new hire may have lots of experience and education than employee then who have been with the organization, this is complex, which will need to be taken into consideration. Some of the employees that have been with the organization for a long time may be looking to retire or would be interested in a severance package (Ulrich, 2005). Longest service generally is the basis of determining severance payment for every one but it is considering the most senior employee. One weeks salary per year of service is the most common term, based severance benefit for exempt and non-exempt employees, while two weeks is the median for officers and other executives (Truss Gratton, 2004).

Frankenstein: Victor :: essays research papers

Frankenstein: Victor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victor Frankenstein has always been fascinated by nature. By the time he was in his late teens he was at a school of science. This school sparked his obsession with recreating human life. This was not an easy task because of the minuteness of the organs, etc, which forced him to design an oversized human, about eight feet tall. After many unhealthy months of labor, he finally achieved his goal. The hideous creature sat up and grinned at Victor. Victor fled immediately. When he returned to his chamber he was happy to not find the monster. Two years passed and he got a letter from his father telling him his youngest brother, William, had been murdered. He began his miserable trip back home. On the way home he saw a giant beast running from a barn. He realized this was his creation and he was the murderer. An innocent woman (framed by the Monster) and a great friend of Elizabeth (Victor's cousin and future wife), was executed for the murder. This devastated the family (especially Victor, who accused himself). He set of to put an end to this creation. Victor finally met up with his monster in the mountains near a glacier. Here he listened to the monster's story. How he studied and grew to love this family living in a cottage. He wanted so immensely to be a part of their love and smiles. He learned their language and how to write (by listening to them teach an Arabian relative). After a very long time he walked into the cottage when only the blind old man was there and tried to befriend him. He was very persuasive until the children and the woman returned. The boy attacked the Monster. He could have killed the boy, but, out of love, ran. The family soon moved leaving the Monster so incredibly depressed and heart-broken that he suddenly hated the human kind. But, most of all, he hated his creator for making in the first place. He set out to Geneva, where he know Victor lived. He was almost there when he found a little boy. He thought he could make friends with him (because of his young, unprejudiced mind) until he discovered he was the son of his hated creator. He murdered him, and took the boy's locket and put it in the pocket of the soon-to-be-executed woman sleeping in a barn. At the conclusion of his story he persuaded Frankenstein to create a female for him. In the middle of Victor's progress of making the female he stopped,

Antwone Fisher :: essays research papers

Antwone Fisher   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Director:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Denzel Washington   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Producers:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Randa Haines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Todd Black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Casting:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robi Reed-Humes *Main Characters:* Antwone Fisher (Derek Luke):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antwone not only struggles with getting along with his crew members while serving in the Navy, but also his abusive past as a foster child. Cheryl (Joy Bryant):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Atwone’s love interest. She is not based on an actual person, but is a combination or interests. Dr. Jerome Davenport (Denzel Washington):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A naval psychiatrist who Antwone goes to seeking help. Berta Davenport (Salli Richardson):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Jerome Davenport’s wife. Mrs. Tate:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antwone’s foster mother that abuses and belittles Antwone while a lad along with his two other foster brothers. *Plot Summary:* Based on a true story, this biographical drama centered around Antwone â€Å"Fish† Fisher. In the beginning of the story, he was a sailor prone to violent outbursts. On the verge of being kicked out of the Navy for repeated fighting, he is sent to a naval psychiatrist for help. Refusing to open up, Dr. Davenport slyly slips his way into getting Antwone to talk. Antwone eventually breaks down and reveals a horrific childhood with neglect and abuse. With the help of Dr. Davenport, he is able to face his past and strive for success to find the family he has never met. At the same time, he is able to turn his life around and change it dramatically. In the end, he is reunited with both his father’s side of the family and his mother who has abandoned him. *Climax:* After Antwone’s graduation from his Japanese courses, Dr. Davenport explains that he no longer can see him for psychiatric help, and that he cannot always depend on him being there. Antwone then feels a feeling of abandonment not only by his family, but also by Dr. Davenport who has been there for him through many tough times. He then decides to change his life around and move on headstrong. *Conflict:* Antwone Fisher was a man who has trouble being a man because he can't stand strong. He can't stand strong because of the weight that was placed on him growing up in an environment where everyone told him he was worthless. Eventually, Antwone is able to grow and flourish, because like any tree that stands tall and strong, he finds that he has roots, and they run very deep. Antwone Fisher :: essays research papers Antwone Fisher   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Director:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Denzel Washington   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Producers:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Randa Haines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Todd Black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Casting:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robi Reed-Humes *Main Characters:* Antwone Fisher (Derek Luke):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antwone not only struggles with getting along with his crew members while serving in the Navy, but also his abusive past as a foster child. Cheryl (Joy Bryant):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Atwone’s love interest. She is not based on an actual person, but is a combination or interests. Dr. Jerome Davenport (Denzel Washington):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A naval psychiatrist who Antwone goes to seeking help. Berta Davenport (Salli Richardson):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Jerome Davenport’s wife. Mrs. Tate:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antwone’s foster mother that abuses and belittles Antwone while a lad along with his two other foster brothers. *Plot Summary:* Based on a true story, this biographical drama centered around Antwone â€Å"Fish† Fisher. In the beginning of the story, he was a sailor prone to violent outbursts. On the verge of being kicked out of the Navy for repeated fighting, he is sent to a naval psychiatrist for help. Refusing to open up, Dr. Davenport slyly slips his way into getting Antwone to talk. Antwone eventually breaks down and reveals a horrific childhood with neglect and abuse. With the help of Dr. Davenport, he is able to face his past and strive for success to find the family he has never met. At the same time, he is able to turn his life around and change it dramatically. In the end, he is reunited with both his father’s side of the family and his mother who has abandoned him. *Climax:* After Antwone’s graduation from his Japanese courses, Dr. Davenport explains that he no longer can see him for psychiatric help, and that he cannot always depend on him being there. Antwone then feels a feeling of abandonment not only by his family, but also by Dr. Davenport who has been there for him through many tough times. He then decides to change his life around and move on headstrong. *Conflict:* Antwone Fisher was a man who has trouble being a man because he can't stand strong. He can't stand strong because of the weight that was placed on him growing up in an environment where everyone told him he was worthless. Eventually, Antwone is able to grow and flourish, because like any tree that stands tall and strong, he finds that he has roots, and they run very deep.

Jules Cheret

Jules Cheret, a name synonymous to the Art Nouveau movement of the late 19th century, was born in 1836 in Paris into a humble family of typographers and artisans. Thus, creativity and aesthetic awareness were instilled in him as the household that he grew up in was one that was conducive to ingenuity and experimentation. Cheret invested the early years of his youth, receiving art training under a three-year apprenticeship with a lithographer, followed by drawing lessons in the evening under the French artist Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran.As a young student, he absorbed and learnt a lot from some of the works of famous painters in the Louvre and other museums. Thus by the age of 18, Cheret’s unique artistic flair became noticeable and he was able to earn a simple living selling designs and illustrations to customers, most of whom were music producers. Cheret travelled to London in 1854, where he was exposed to the advanced techniques of lithography which not only awed him, but al so inspired him to improve his art by getting at par with the technological advancements of the time.Upon returning to Paris in 1858, Cheret induced that pictorial lithographic posters were the future of graphic design, but he found it extremely suffocating because none of the advertisers were convinced by this. He received his first stroke of luck in the form of a commission for a poster advertising Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld. Thwarted when this failed to prompt more commissions, Cheret returned to London where he spent the next seven years evolving his lithography expertise, and consequently imbibing the British style of poster design and printing.During this time period, Cheret worked for Cramer publishers where he made illustrations, designed book covers and posters for music halls, theatres, cabarets, and circuses. Upon returning to Paris in 1866, Cheret’s friend introduced him to perfume manufacturer Eugene Rimmel, for whom he began designing perfume packaging. This collaboration, lead to Rimmel aiding the young designer in establishing his commercial color lithographic shop.Cheret was revolutionary for poster design, as he altered the age old lithography technique by formulating a process which made printing more cost effective, with high quality colors- which were a colossal contribution to the development of graphic design. Jules Cheret from that juncture went on to become a significant figure in graphic-design history, and the principal artist to make his reputation in the medium of poster art. He is attributed for enhancing the aesthetic nature of posters, y bequeathing it with flowing elegant designs and transforming it into an independent decorative art form. An ardent admirer and depicter of the female form in his posters, Jules Cheret’s subjects became so popular that the Parisians dubbed them ‘Cherrettses’. It was because of his patronage of this genre and the painters associated with it; f or the promotion of whom he published his book entitled Masters of the Poster ; that he began to be known as the ‘father of the Belle Epoque poster’.Jean-Honore Fragonard and Antoine Watteau, were renowned names from the Rococo movement. The frivolity depicted in their works influenced Cheret’s work most deeply, which is why we see this sense of fun and enjoyment of trivialities in the posters designed by him. The most prominent aspect of his poster Carnival 1986 is the contrast in colour of the man and woman. This use of such a dramatic shadow effect exudes immense mystery in the man, and inadvertently prompts the viewer to assume that it’s a possible reflection of the role he plays in this theatrical production.The colour green of the dress contributes in making the ‘Charett’ the focal point. This is also particularly so because the light green has been placed against a stark bright orange so the lighter colour is up lifted. . The orange and green come together to create great dramatic contrast and contributes to the eyes moving. Interestingly enough though, the brighter colour does not become the overriding force, instead it is the lighter colours placed on top that attract attention, such as the white of the fan and the green of the dress.The flowing dress and the angularity of her body posture all contribute towards achieving such a focal point. The tilted head and face looking directly at the viewers is immensely captivating. On a closer look one notices that there is a woman in between the two central characters, who is partially touched by the light that shines on the protagonists of the scene- her body isolated from the physical splendour of the two main characters. This could be taken to represent some trio or three way relationship which could be the dramatic aspect this story.Thus giving out a short teaser through the design of the poster to entice the interest of the onlooker too becomes one of the most pote nt aspects of poster designing for operas, plays and performances. This inadvertently leads me to ponder over how poster design requires a lot of understanding of the audience’s psyche and how exactly to manipulate it. The woman in the forefront is also the focal point because her skin is much lighter than the others, which inadvertently takes the viewers’ attention to her first.She is also in a vulnerable seated position, which symbolizes femininity and easiness, perhaps with a sexual connotation. The angle of the hand undeniably invites the viewer in to the composition most effectively. He has employed the use of decorative serif fonts in his heading to give his posters a formal and elegant feel- but details of the play have been written in sans serif to ensure clarity in reading. This understanding of and consequent justice to the choice of fonts is fascinating. Fonts most popular employed by Cheret were Antiqua and Bernhard Antiqua and Bernhard Fraktur.Jules Cheret ’s Loie Fuller poster for the Folies Bergeres is very characteristic of his style of design. The work space is dominated by a central figure of vibrant splendor engulfed by vivid gushing colors and beautiful swirling drapery. This poster is an iconic addition to his range of elated, graceful and energetic women- for which aptly dubbed ‘Cherettes' by the Parisians. Jules’ masterstroke of success can be attributed to these women that he showed in his posters- their low-cut bodices and exaggerated postures lead to his instant success.He used his ‘Cherettes’ to advertise anything from beverages and alcohol, perfumes, soaps, cosmetics to pharmaceutical products. Eventually he was promoting railway companies as well as a series of manufacturing businesses. The use of color and its understanding is brilliant, and here Cheret’s signature use of the colors orange and green are very evident. Jules Cheret possessed a magnificent palette of great chromati c intensity. The colors used by him in the overlap in his signature sophisticated and resolved manner.But using different tones of green and orange together definitely contribute to making it a very dynamic composition but with an intrinsic softness to it. The color starting from the light green on the top frill of the dress and gradually building up to the bright orange at the bottom left contributes immensely to eye movement as the colors aid it and let is travel most effortlessly. The flow in the strokes of the dress is so unrestricted still it contributes in bringing out the form and posture of the girl.The angle of the ‘Cherette’s’ posture invites the eye and allows it to tour the poster. The curve of the top dress brings the viewer in, going down to the tilt of the head, to the angularity of the head stylization of the figure is such that it gives this 2D form a very 3D feel to it as if the girl is going to emerge from the poster with her dress flowing. One very striking aspect of Jules Cheret’s is the dynamics of Cheret’s workspace- Jules has the brilliance to do justice to his given work space and to not let the colossal size of his posters become an impediment.In this poster, he played with a solitary figure and minimal text, but still did not ignore any space, leaving it to be perceived as static or idle- he does immense justice to the tools at his disposal. It is a strongly articulated poster which was envisioned to be appealing to those viewing it. Jules Cheret was in the good books of critics as he was fortunate to have them be very responsive to the work he produced. It was said that his work was ‘innovative, alive, a breath of fresh air’.He invented specific character types such as the â€Å"happy clown†, which is a large size painting that he made in 1881, but even as early as the 1860s, we see him employing the exact same clown image on the left middle of his poster ‘Concert des Ambas sedeurs’. Cheret’s mastery for color is worth noting. Over the course of analyzing these four posters, one realizes that he has the unique ability to play with color in a manner of showing the matt quality of soft hair, and the glossy hard technique which he is employing in this piece.Harold Hutchinson writes in â€Å"The Poster: An Illustrated History From 1860† that Jules Cheret realized ‘a poster did not have to show product; it merely had to produce â€Å"a reaction of amusement, curiosity, excitement or some positive feeling which will help make the right points,† to make a product sell’. Which is what he has very intelligently achieved in this poster – the presence of the girl and the clown would instigate a curiosity as to what this function may contain, but details of it are not dogmatically given out.This particular poster emanates a sense of ‘refined vulgarity’, which is a paradox on its own. Cheret’s post er distinctive characteristic is often the ‘violent curves’ of the female form. It can be analyzed in such a manner because in spite the fact that Cheret used women as the primary focus of his posters, their sensuality was presented in a more evolved and elevated manner unlike the posters designed in the arts and crafts movement. But as an analysis point, I believe that more than liberating the woman, Cheret created a fantasy of provocative beauty.This inadvertently was an unhealthy way to commence advertising. This poster is an apt example of Cheret’s sensuous ‘Cherettes’. Jules’ exploration of form, especially giving it this animated quality really distinguished him as the pioneer of poster art. This is an apt title for him, particularly because he was able to master the art of establishing unity between texts and images perfectly- the weight, font size and type all complement each other and the image so well.Cheret almost always employs the use of a single prominent figure, which dominates maximum of the workspace and like here; the girl in red dominates how the entire poster is laid out. This figure becomes the central feature that the rest of the characters and the text then need to co relate to. Alongside that, floral motifs are subtly often used by Cheret because he was someone very inspired by the beauty of nature. Thus in this poster too the girl in white in the background has a flower on her dress and the one in red in the forefront organic form/design on her dress. Elysse, montmartre bal masque’, was a poster for the masked ball held the Palace theatre- designed 1881. This poster is an apt example of the similarity between the painting style of James Ensor and those of the lithographic advertisements being designed by Jules Cheret. The two artists shared the innate qualities of working on a large scale, experimenting with bright colors and ‘caricaturel linearity’. It encompasses the eleganc e of the French and their carefree grace. In this poster, Cheret’s play with angles isn’t as lively as what he’s capable of.But still this diagonal slant binds in with the feel and message of the poster. Deliberate harmonious gestures contribute to the dance like quality which turns this mundane poster in to a masterpiece executed with superb technique and flatness of color. Cheret is a genius when it comes to color; here he is gently fading away background creating a very dynamic sense even though the foreground has a lot of character and agility. The light in this poster is intense but not yet harsh, it falls gently on the girl and her soft hair, enhancing the shape of her body and accentuating the colors around her too.Jules Cheret signature style was his free hand lettering, which had a very theatrical airy style to it. He used large fonts, and black outlined his caricature like linear figures here which make each poster such a unique work of art. Cheretâ₠¬â„¢s posters not only sold product but sold an image of ideal woman and ideal life style. With the advent of the Industrial revolution, people’s living standards were improving thus they were susceptible to being affected by the lifestyle that he depicted.