Understanding The Scope Of Information Derived From...

Analysis Understanding the scope Nowadays most computer-human interaction happens through the Internet; however, data that was originally gather by other means can be digitalized and ended up being mined. Minable information, produced by people and therefore subject to the ethical issues discuss in here, can be divided in 4 different categories: user input, usage, information derived from devices, and images. User input: is all the information that is explicitly added in a way or another. This includes personal information (name, address telephone, age, gender, marital status etc.), comments, opinions, text messages, emails and documents. In addition to previously presented examples, some companies, like Geofeedia (https://geofeedia.com), scan social medial traffic, text messaging, and geolocation services to identify abnormalities like terrorist acts, natural events, or accidents. The system detects, through data mining algorithms, keywords contained in the messages related with these events in transmission within areas in close proximity. In the case of medical records, this information also includes information about illnesses, treatment, or clinical history. Usage: This is information that the user is not aware of most of the time, but the service provider logs, keeps track of, process and acts upon on. This information provides clues about what the user preferences, and likes are. It is used most of the time as feedback to improve the service, but it is mostShow MoreRelatedEssay on Introduction to Orientalism by Edward Said1478 Words   |  6 PagesOrient. This is a reference to Jacques Lacan’s terminology, which describes the mirror stage of development. This is the stage in growth during which children supposedly learn their own identity by successfully separating their own being from a mirror image of themselves. In this context, someone only finds an idea of themselves through a contrast with an â€Å"Other.† It is in this circumstance that our desires and expectations of being complete are projected onto this entity. This is a fittingRead MoreMetaphysics Of Muhammad Iqbal1474 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy entitled Metaphysical Thought of Muhammad Iqbal and His College in Reconstructing Character at Institution of Education, (Case Study at Educational Foundation Prof. Dr. H. Kadirun Yahya) In this study the author limits within the conceptual scope, the view of Muhammad Iqbal in metaphysics. Also, the factor, background, and view of Muhammad Iqbal in metaphysic scholars on correlation reconstruct character at educational institution Foundation of Prof. Dr. H. Kadirun Yahya. The authors are moreRead MoreThe Social Information Processing Theory Essay2258 Words   |  10 PagesMMC and an increased aversion to in-person communication. Originally based on early computer technology, the social information processing theory (SIP), developed by Joseph Walther (Griffin, 2012) in the early 1990’s, derived from relevance from the asynchronous nature of computer mediated communication at the time. As technology has evolved, computers are no longer the only device available for mediated communication. Smartphones, tablets and high-speed cellular technology have expanded the consumer’sRead MoreLiterature Review : The Golem System With Rfid And Vision2038 Words   |   9 Pagesemployed to acknowledge and find the target exactly. Finally, the golem management theme is meant supported the results of image process, and therefore the teaching mode and remote mode area unit used flexibly to help golem to know the target. The mix of those 2 modes can t solely cut back the complexness of golem management, however can also change use of the results of image process. Experiments demonstrate the practicableness of the projected system [1]. They conclude that the golem technologyRead MoreTourism and Destination Management4919 Words   |  20 Pagesâ€Å"tourist destination image† and its relevant meaning has been explored and approached differently. The term itself has been used in various contexts and as a result, coming up with a precise definition isn’t an easy task and is considered as problematic (Jenkins, 1999, p. 1). Throughout this paper, the image of a touristic destination and its relevance to the countries branding strategy will be explored. The first part begins with theoretical analysis of tourism destinations image exploring variousRead MoreComputer Forensics Vs. Digital Forensics3382 Words   |  14 Pagesalso called computer forensics or digital forensics, is the process of extracting information and data from computers to serve as digital evidence - for civil purposes or, in many cases, to prove and legally prosecute cyber crime. The aim of computer forensics is to perform a structured and detailed investigation while maintaining a documented chain of evidence to find out exactly what happened on a computing device and who was responsible for it. With the current technology changing and evolvingRead MoreOnline Streaming And Social Media10201 Words   |  41 Pagespublic freedoms within broadcasters’ rights 7 2. SCOPE OF RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS 8 2.1. Protection under international conventions 8 2.1.1. 1961 Rome Convention 9 2.1.2. 1974 Brussels Satellite Convention 10 2.1.3. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 11 2.1.4. WIPO Treaties 12 2.2 Protection under European Union legislation 12 2.2.1. Satellite and Cables Directive (93/83/EEC) 13 2.2.2. Information Society Directive (2001/29/EC) 14 3. WBT AND BROADCASTERRead MoreProject Plan Outline Essay example5454 Words   |  22 PagesProject Management Plan Template This document is an annotated outline for a Project Management Plan, adapted from the PMI Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and IEEE Standard for Project Management Plans. The Project Management Plan is considered to be a â€Å"Best Practice† template by the ETS Enterprise Program Management Office (EPMO). The template is designed to address items for all sizes of projects. For small projects, it may be appropriate to omit sections. For unique projectsRead MoreMr. Chief Justice Pratik Parikh2282 Words   |  10 PagesCourt. On June 10, 2013 Annapolis police, acting under state law, compelled Verizon Wireless, Inc. to provide â€Å"cell site location information† or â€Å"CSLI† emanating from Respondent Arnold Santo’s cell phone from April 1, 2013 through June 5, 2013. The CSLI information was secured without the benefit of a warrant or probable cause. Nevertheless, with the information gathered, police were able to determine a pattern in the Respondent’s locations and communications that indicated a significant likelihoodRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Identification : An Analysis Of Virtual Surrogacy3268 Words   |  14 Pages23-Apr-15 Research topic: Causes and Effects of Digital Identification: An analysis of Virtual Surrogacy Research Guide: Mrs Shruti Shetty Submitted by: Shray Agarwal Roll Number: 140702035 Introduction Imagine a world, not so far from today where an amalgamation of the Internet with human knowledge and ambition has formed ways of possibly doing everything sitting inside the World Wide Web. A way of life is completely possible by living in a Virtual self-figure that can do

How Diversity And Teamwork Of A Company - 850 Words

We are living in a very different world, every day we met and got along with people who are very different from us. Whether by age, gender, language, disability, sexual orientation, physical traits, races, ethnicities, another creed, etc. This is an issue that has always tried to control in every situation of daily life, in this case what is in the workplace. In the workplace we always find with any amount of labor diversity, and we must all make efforts so that the structure and organization of the company will not collapse because of this situation. While it is true, this topic diversity is very delicate and can be misunderstandings to adversely impact on productivity and teamwork of a company. According to the Article â€Å"How diversity works† states â€Å"DIVERSITY is NOT ONLY about bringing different perspectives to the table. Simply adding social diversity to a group makes people believe that differences of perspective might exist among them and that belief makes peopl e change their behavior.† (Phillips 43-47). Throughout this course I have learned that diversity is very important in the industry of hospitality because is an industry that involve different cultures, languages, ages, etc. That is why very good and efficient measures are taken where effective diversity programs apply. Diversity does not have anything strange in itself as there is no discrimination. The basis of equal opportunities in every organization is equity. Concerns and challenges to achieve the managersShow MoreRelatedManagement Behavior Memo992 Words   |  4 Pagesour current sales team within the next few months. This merger will place the company in the lead of the global market. The equilibrium of the merger will require commitment on the behalf of the management team. This memorandum is for you, as managers, to understand how to be prepared to adapt to the challenges of the merger, especially in regards to three specific areas: management behavior and communica tion, teamwork within a diverse atmosphere, and employment laws. Management Behavior Communication Read MoreCase 16 Callaway Golf: Big Bertha’s Team Hits a Long Ball972 Words   |  4 Pagescase 16 CALLAWAY GOLF: BIG BERTHA’S TEAM HITS A LONG BALL â€Å"Callaway Golf Company designs, creates, builds and sells Demonstrably Superior and Pleasingly Different golf products. That means that any club, ball or putter in the Callaway Golf family must be a significant improvement not only upon the products of our competitors, but also our own.† (1) How does Callaway Golf achieve its goals of manufacturing and distributing Demonstrably Superior and Pleasingly Different golf products? Read MoreDiversity Issues Paper1016 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity Issues Diversity Issues Organizations who make a commitment to diversity can see a significant impact on business in many ways. Diversity â€Å"requires a significant commitment for change to occur† (Delong, 2007, p.9). It is extremely important that leaders understand the commitment and embrace it in order for a positive impact to occur. Employers with diverse cultures and leaders can build positive and successful relationships with customers, suppliers and vendors. They can better attractRead More The Essence of Teamwork Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Essence of Teamwork â€Å"Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. But how will it be with just the one who falls when there is not another to raise him up?† – Ecclesiastes 4:9, 10 As the scriptural text quoted above implies, teamwork can accomplish what the individual cannot do on his or her own. Teamwork is defined as â€Å"a small number of people with complementary skills who are committedRead MoreChallenges Of Cross Cultural Work Environment999 Words   |  4 Pages CHALLENGES IN CROSS CULTURAL WORK ENVIRONMENT ABINAY KANKATI Sullivan University MGT-510 Executive Summary: The proposal briefs about the challenges in a cross-cultural work environment and how we can over come these challenges. Cross-culture as the name sounds involves dealing with various cultures across the world. Working in a cross-cultural work environment is always difficult and the need to face challenges is quite common in such organizations. Communication is one of theRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Within Your Company1398 Words   |  6 Pageseducate, and promote diversity within your company. Your company will be shown the merits of diversity and how diversity within your organization can be a benefit. This paper will be broken down into three main areas: Benefits of Diversity, Challenges of Diversity, and Recommendations for an effective diversity within your organization.. Before we move on it is important to take the time and think what diversity means to your organization. How does your company define diversity? A simple definitionRead MoreThe Essence of Teamwork1460 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional World of Work 07/26/04 The Essence of Teamwork Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. But how will it be with just the one who falls when there is not another to raise him up? Ââ€" Ecclesiastes 4:9, 10 As the scriptural text quoted above implies, teamwork can accomplish what the individual cannot do on his or her own. Teamwork is defined as a small number of people with complementaryRead MoreConvergys Code of Business Conduct1397 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Philosophy Vision: Convergys is the leader in relationship management. They provide innovative solutions that drive more value from their clients’ everyday relationships with their customers and employees. Convergys is acknowledged as a world leader that enables organizations everywhere to enhance the value of their relationships through excellent and efficient outsourcing programs. Convergys provides their clients with new perspectives and solutions to their existing and future relationshipsRead MoreChapter 7 Of The Textbook Diversity Consciousness847 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 Teamwork: Obstacles to Teamwork In chapter 7 of the textbook Diversity Consciousness, Butcher reports there are some barriers to teamwork. Some of these obstacles can stem from the individual member or members way of acting or thinking outside of the team or group setting. The obstacles that teams may occur could potentially detract the team from having cohesion, and hinders its productivity. Butcher give s eight examples these obstacles. Examples: Unequal distribution of power- not havingRead MoreThe Collection Of Necessary Data Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pageswill afford insight into the valuable quality and satisfaction ratings, with the ability to numerically track these ratings. It is imperative to address all aspects of culture, socialization, working conditions, management, workload, loyalty, value, teamwork, and production; when compiling an Interventional proposal. Collecting both quantitative and qualitative data via self-assessing surveys, with both opened and closed ended questions, in addition to indi vidual interviews. The interviews will allow

Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells Free Essays

Katrina Samborski Honors English 1100 Dr. Nicole Caswell November 10, 2012 Advancement of Medical Research from HeLa Cells HeLa simply stands for Henrietta Lacks, a young mother in the 1951 who went to the doctor complaining of vaginal bleeding and discovered she had cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells were taken for a biopsy and were found to be like nothing ever seen before; her cells were immortal. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her cancer cells double every 20 to 24 hours and have lived on for the past 60 years. Since HeLa cells were created, our world of modern medicine has been completely changed. We now vaccines for once incurable diseases and have used the cells for cloning and other biomedical research. Although the cells have done a great deal of good, they have also caused substantial harm to Henrietta Lacks, her family, and potential trial research participants. Therefore, though some may think it was ethically wrong of Henrietta Lacks’ doctors to not inform her that they were using her cells, she is the reason we have been able to save thousands of lives. It was at Johns Hopkins Hospital when Dr. Gey, a prominent cancer and virus researcher, discovered Henrietta’s cells were immortal. Since cancer cells will die outside the body without the right mix of chemicals, Dr. Gey created the roller tube. This contraption held glass tubes containing samples in nutrient-rich fluids, turned slowly – sometimes just two revolutions an hour, exposing the cells to just the right mix of air and nutrients. When Henrietta’s cells were placed in this device, they never stopped dividing. While their research value is unquestioned, the tumor cells had created havoc in Henrietta Lacks’ body. Skloot recounts the lab technician Mary Kubicek who was present at the autopsy. â€Å"The tumors had completely blocked her urethra, leaving doctors unable to pass a catheter into her bladder to empty it. Tumors the size of baseballs had nearly replaced her kidneys, bladder, ovaries and uterus. And her other organs were so covered in small white tumors it looked as if someone had filled her with pearls† (Williams). Although her cells are cancerous, HeLa cells share many traits with normal cells, making them useful in studying protein synthesis, the human genome and how viruses work. Dr. Gey sold the cells to researchers around the world, who used them to develop a variety of medicines. HeLa cells were the first to travel into space in an unmanned satellite to see if humans could survive zero gravity. â€Å"This cell line is used all around the world and revolutionized cell biology because they grew so well in culture, said William Earnshaw, principal research fellow at the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Cell Biology. â€Å"They yielded a huge amount of information,† Earnshaw said (Sharp). In the early 1950s, the world experienced the biggest polio pandemic in history. Jonas Salk devised the world’s first polio vaccine, but testing it would require huge supplies of live cells that, at the time, would have involved the sacrifice of thousands of monkeys. HeLa cells proved to be technically more suitable for testing, and much less expensive and messy, than using monkeys. Moreover, HeLa cells grew virtually anywhere and on any surface, including while floating on liquid. A HeLa mass production and distribution center was therefore established at the Tuskegee Institute, ironically at exactly the same time that the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study on black subjects was being carried out. Soon HeLa cells were to enable the first disaggregation of chromosomes, numerous discoveries from genetic and viral studies, and the first-ever cloning of a cell, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and much, much more. (Ncayiyana) HeLa cells have had a positive influence on medicine in many ways including with giving us knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and HPV18-positive. HeLa cells have been linked to changes in microRNA expression. Since HPV18 has been associated with very aggressive adenocarcinomas, this finding may explain why Dr. Gey was surprised by the prolific growth of HeLa cells in culture. Routine Papanicolaou smear screening may not detect rapidly progressive cervical carcinomas; the new HPV vaccine holds the promise of preventing these tumors. (Hutchins). The problem of possible contamination of other long-term cultured tumor cell lines with HeLa cells not only caused an international embarrassment, but also raised the concern of misattributing a specific property so another cell line, for example, a virus or a tumor-specific marker, which actually belongs to HeLa. With the continued and growing use of tissue culture in biochemist research, intra- and interspecific contamination becomes a significant risk. The determination of stable genetic markers on cultured cells is a powerful tool for monitoring such contamination. Recent experiments in which cultured cells and innumerable clones of somatic cell hybrids have been used for genetic analysis have shown that, with the proper use of polymorphic markers to characterize the cells, the possibility of undetected cross contamination of cultures is no longer the problem it once may have been. Therefore, in an effort to clarify the characteristics of the HeLa cell and establish its probable genotype for better-known polymorphisms, we studied HLA and other markers, in the surviving husband and children of Henrietta Lacks. (Hsu) Not only were there several negative effects for Henrietta Lacks, but the general public has found flaws with HeLa cells as well. The Drug Information Association sponsored a workshop that brought together people who deal with facilitating or regulating the collection of clinical specimens for genetic analyses to complement drug trials. Genetic studies of clinical samples have for years had to negotiate a tricky path through informed consent, confidentiality, and regulatory-oversight, but according to a couple of speakers who noted the Henrietta Lacks story, the 19 months since the book’s publication have made some people even more wary of this research. â€Å"I think it was disconcerting to people who are not used to thinking about how specimens are handled, that their specimens could outlive them,† said the meeting’s main organizer and chair, Amelia Wall Warner, Ph. D. who heads clinical pharmacogenomics and clinical specimen management for the drug company Merck. The Skloot book seems to be creating a lot of conversation, with patients often asking for a menu of consent that large-scale trials with many thousands of patients can’t accommodate, she noted. (Zoler) Although there are accusations against doctors and corporations that bought these cells stating they did so without Henrietta Lacks’ consent, we owe our world of modern medicine to her. Her cells allowed us to research and experiment countless diseases and opened the door to learn about the human enome and cancer cells. Dr. Gey said, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. † It was the best of times for science in that this very peculiar tumor gave rise to the HeLa cell line, which has been available for the various studies referred to by others. For Mrs. Lacks and the family she left behind, it was the worst of times. Scientific progress and indeed progress of all kinds is often made at great cost, such as the sacrifice made by Henrietta Lacks† (Jones). While her family has yet to be compensated, HeLa cells continue to be used everyday in the medical field. Works Cited: Ncayiyana, Daniel J. â€Å"The extraordinary story of the life after death of Henrietta Lacks. †Ã‚  South African Medical Journal  101. 3 (2011): 141. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Grover M. Hutchins, Brendan P. Lucey, and Walter A. Nelson-Rees. Archives of Pathology Laboratory Medicine. 133. 9  (Sept. 2009)  p1463. Word Count: 4083. Jones HW Jr –  Am J Obstet Gynecol  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 01-JUN-1997; 176(6): S227-8 MEDLINE ® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record   Susan H. Hsu, Bernice Z. Schacter, Nancy L. Delaney, Thomas B. Miller, Victor A. McKusick, R. H. Kennett, J. G. Bodmer, D. Young and W. F. Bodmer Science  , New Series, Vol. 191, No. 4225 (Jan. 30, 1976), pp. 392-394 Published by:  American Association for the Advancement of Science Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1741942 Mitchel Zoler. Internal Medicine News. 44. 17  (Oct. 15, 2011)  p63. Word Count: 433. Williams, Nigel. â€Å"Prize For the HeLa Cell Story. †Ã‚  Current Biology  20. 23 (2010): n. ag. Sciverse. com. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Manfuso, Jamie, and Stephanie Desmon. â€Å"Honoring the Henrietta Lacks Legacy at Hopkins. †Ã‚  Hopkins Medicine Magazine. Johns Hopkins, 20 May 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Hepworth, Jeri, PhD. â€Å"Advocacy for Henrietta Lacks and Family Medicine. † Editorial. Family Medicine  Sept. 2011: 595-96. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Sharp, Rob. Life and afterlife of a women who will live f or ever. The Independent. November 10 2010. Web. Nov 12 2012. How to cite Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells, Essays

Lights cigarette. Inhales lustily Essay Example For Students

Lights cigarette. Inhales lustily Essay She is reluctant to continue our conversation. I dont want to lose my job, she murmurs into the phone. We are discussing an incredibly sensitive topic: smoking in the theatre. She is a nonsmoker and a playwright who makes her living in theatre administration, and she like a number of People I spoke with while preparing this article wishes to remain anonymous, fearing reprisal from directors, producers or bosses who would rather not bother with someone who is bothered by cigarette smoke. This is such a tough profession to get paid in that when you do have to raise this issue, youre taking a big risk, she says. One stage manager who is allergic to cigarette smoke but often spends his days painfully engulfed in it believes that complaining about smoking becomes a deeply personal thing. Its not about smoking, its about the smoker and your relationship with him or her. Thus, many nonsmokers working in the theatre choose to suffer in silence, breathing in the secondhand smoke that the Environmental Protection Agency declared a Class A carcinogen last year (meaning that someone elses smoke is as lethal to you as asbestos, radon, benzene and arsenic, all of which are illegal in the workplace). A symbol of something else   Worse still, some actors must become smokers for the rehearsal and run of a show when a playwright or a director demands it, all the while risking addiction. Theatre people are not alone in their discomfort and danger, of course every industry has a boss in a private office who smokes with the door open, thus rendering the nonsmoking outer office or public area a fantasy of local lawmakers. But the theatre is one place where cigarette smoke finds a peculiar justification in artistic expression; the cigarette is the theatres favorite prop, a shorthand for a vast array of emotions and behaviors that might otherwise require a little work on the part of playwrights, directors and actors. Alyssa Rallo, artistic director of the Column Theatre and Studio. in New York, believes that such shorthand is not only fraudulent, but also presents an ethical dilemma: Now that we know smoking is horrible for you, we cant as artists truthfully use it as a symbol something else. We are not treating cigarettes as a drug or as a killing substance, and thats a crime. Rallo has founded Actors Directors for Smokefree Theatre, Film and Television, whose goal is t o draw attention to the silent partnership between artists and tobacco conglomerates. Unlike television, where nobody lit up at the Cheers bar through an entire decade, there are no industry guidelines that limit or restrict smoking on stage. Of course, cigarettes pose no immediate harm to television or film audiences but can cause considerable problems for theatre audiences, especially in small venues. Stage actors have it worst of all, smoking or breathing others smoke, not just through a few takes, but night after night, matinee after matinee. Actors Equity Association, a union famous for fussing over the health and welfare of its largely unemployed membership, offers little comfort to the actor who does not wish to smoke. While there are guidelines for nudity, getting wet and walking on a raked stage, there is no such thing as a cigarette rider to the basic Equity contract, although the union is aggressively looking into the health problems associated with special effects smoke. We get letters   The use of fake (non-tobacco) cigarettes is not widespread, although the technology has been around for years and the simulation of smoking can be quite realistic, and relatively harmless. Miming smoking, or smoking an unlighted cigarette, is universally perceived as absurd much harder to pull off than collapsing in a drunken stupor or injecting heroin and the whole artifice of the stage is called to attention in the absence of smoke. .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .postImageUrl , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:visited , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:active { border:0!important; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:active , .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u656584bdb8fec80783e30f1965dbb20a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scenes from an Execution EssayLawmakers in many communities have stopped short of banning cigarette smoke from the stage (while forbidding it in all other public areas of the theatre building), but individuals have sometimes gone a lot further in attempting to discourage smoking in performance, a fact which makes many nonsmokers wary of being accused of artistic tampering or branded tobacco McCarthyists. Michael Wilson, associate director of Houstons Alley Theatre, remembers being approached prior to rehearsals for his production of Terrence McNallys Lips Together, Teeth Apart by a board member who said: |Well, Michael, in this production youre about to direct for us youre not going to have anyone smoke, are you? It was conveyed to me that this would make everyone happy, Wilson recalls. dont know how far they would have gone to enforce it. Wilson, a nonsmoker, ignored the board member but ultimately delivered a smoke-free production: It was the choice of the process rather than the dictate. The Alley usually receives a number of complaints for its productions which contain smoking, according to Wilson, and Susan Medak, managing director of Berkeley Repertory Theatre, acknowledges the same: It never fails that we get letters. When we did Caryl Churchills Mad Forest we actually had quite a few comments. Director Mark Wing-Davey felt strongly that the play, set in contemporary Romania, should include abundant cigarette smoke for the sake of realism. We worked on a ventilation system to move the smoke out of there, Medak says, but this was not sufficient: What I find is only a small percentage of the problem is people really smelling the smoke. It is the perception that is all. But what about the actors who have to smoke, or breathe in the immediate proximity of cigarettes? I dont believe that weve ever made anybody smoke, Medak says, but we do insist that they hold cigarettes and that they puff. In the case of Mad Forest, it was something we discussed with actors before th ey even auditioned. Such discussion is cheap currency to those nonsmokers who desire to make a living in the theatre and stay healthy while doing it. The allergic stage manager compares a smoke-filled theatre to riding the subway and listening to someones panhandling speech. Theres nowhere you can go. Its just not right that you can be trapped and forced into something like that. I think the theatre should be provocative; it should move you, it should make you angry, it should maybe make you run screaming from the theatre. But it should not endanger your health.